Islamic Revolution Research

Abstract Since Steven Luke's achievement of the theory of "radical power" has been possible through adopting the foundations of epistemology, ontology and human studies, therefore by finding these foundations and replacing them with religious foundations, this theory will be transformed into a new theory based on religious foundations. Based on religious foundations especially Imam Khomeini's thought, applying coercion and force to make citizens accept a policy is unacceptable. Rather since the real power belongs to God, enforcement of the power is also by divine will.

Abstract Imam Khomeini (PBUH) is among the researchers, jurisprudents, theologians and scholars who have taken a
methodic approach to research in different arenas. Since politics with human as its subject matter considers all
aspects of his guidance, Imam Khomeini's (PBUH) works have plural methods. Methodologically speaking, Imam
Khomeini's (PBUH) political thought is of multiple aspects and based on all epistemological resources and tools he
takes into accounts. Therefore the main inquiry of this article is to explain Imam Khomeini's (PBUH) in his
political thought. Studying his works, we can figure out that philosophical, theological and polemical arguments,
jurisprudential deduction as well as ethical, interpretive and historical methods are so important that there is no
way to have a proper understanding of Imam Khomeini's (PBUH) political thought but through learning these
methods and how they are applied.

Abstract The current article tries to review people's role in the constitution of the Islamic republic of Iran and believes
that in the constitution, people's right to vote has been ontologically recognized and it has been epistemologically secured. It has been socially implemented to elect and supervise the leader. By asserting the purpose of the establishment of Assembly of Experts of the Leadership, this article finds that, first, the assembly makes this approach organized and
institutionalizes it. Second, this assembly takes the responsibility to calm the society following a crisis caused by the demise, resignation or disposition of the leader and third, explains its unparalleled role and position.

Abstract Abstract
Cyber space is one of the most strategic issues of today's world and is considered the most challenging and up-to-date issue in the world. One of the strongest facets of virtual space is its impact on the political environment and, in particular, on the work of the government. On the other hand, one of the types of social-political gaps is the nation-state gap, which is of paramount importance today. Considering the exponential increase in the Internet using rate in Iran and the expansion of the use of cyberspace, along with increasing the provision of content in the political, social, cultural, economic areas, it is necessary to pay attention to its various dimensions and challenges. In this regard, the main question of the article is how did virtual space affect the gap of the nation-state in Iran between 2011 and 2017? The results of the research show that the hours of using or the time users spend in cyberspace can affect political trust and their mentality about political instability. The results of this study show that the use of cyberspace affects trust in institutions, and in particular trust in political actors, as well as the occurrence of some political instability. Therefore, cyberspace has affected the gap of the nation by influencing political trust and political instability.
 
 
 

Abstract Purpose: The present article seeks to answer “from the intellectual and practical point of view, what role scholars and Shiite jurisprudents played in the conception and victory of the Constitutional Revolution?”
Method: This research counts on a sociological approach. This discussion has been explained analytically and descriptively from the point of view of political sociology, relying on the role of influential social forces in revolutions.
Findings: The findings show that the scholars and Shi'a jurisprudents were of influential social forces and have had a significant intellectual and practical role in the constitutional revolution.
Conclusion: The study reveals that Shiite scholars have played a leading role in creating revolutionary motivations and awareness among the masses in the struggle against domestic tyranny and the domination of aliens, and had showed the most enduring and remarkable experience from the intervention of the political affairs of that day.

Abstract There are little comparative studies which have been conducted on the behavioral characteristics of major revolutions in the field of diplomacy and foreign policy. These revolutions, which are extremely exceptional and rare phenomena, develop certain critical tendencies and reactions to the international system and the rules governing the foreign policy of states that originate from their ideological or ideological foundations. Meanwhile, diplomacy and the existing diplomatic rules and norms are challenged by regimes which rise from the great revolutions, and they act against diplomatic conventions. The present study aims to explore how these orientations and actions and in its efforts to discover the mechanism of these behaviors, and seeks to discover and deduce similarities and parallels in the actions of the great revolutions in challenging diplomatic systems in the foreign arena and the structures of its diplomacy system inside the interior. The findings of this study show that all major revolutions have shown relatively similar behaviors in challenging the existing diplomatic rules and in restructuring of their foreign policy and diplomacy system. Indeed, the regimes of the great revolutions openly declare their views and goals about making fundamental changes in the principles of their foreign policy and their complete departure from the policies and behavior of the former regime.

Abstract The collapse of the second Pahlavi regime has been examined from various outlooks and within the framework of various theories. Among the approaches in this regard, is the relationship between the development process in this period and the collapse of this government. Renovation and modernization influenced by western patterns and its reliance on Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's policy of the 1960s and later, raised the increasing concern of groups and strata of the defender of Islamic culture and tradition. Iran, as a developing country, was considered a Rentier state with a single-product economy, especially after the coup of August 19, 1953. This has led the collector state to pay attention to unrealistic mechanisms, regardless of the interests of the other classes stayed above them.
Along with the introduction of oil and oil management, the collector state in Iran, for getting the needed support and functional legitimacy, begun to classify, especially the middle class, from It has not been financially independent. This process has prevented the classes from having right and could not challenge the state. Therefore, the present paper's question is: What role has the rentier state played in the emergence, expansion and construction of the new middle class? The nature of the collector state is such that does not count on the society as a significant weight because the government by getting rents from abroad, does not feel any need to other sources (taxes, duties, etc.). This will give the government a monopoly power and do not sense the requirement to the participations of various groups and classes in power.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to identify US media tactics in order to counteract with it and mitigate the impact of sanctions on Iran. In this regard, the question raised was, what kinds of media tactics does the United States use to enhance the effectiveness of sanctions on citizens and officials of the Islamic Republic? The findings of the study led us to tactics such as gossip, mental imagery, morale degradation, exaggeration, and so on. The paper concludes that the Western media has, in some cases, made a serious impact on the minds of Iranian audiences and created problems for the government in the economic and sometimes political spheres. Descriptive-analytical method was used for conducting the study.

Abstract Since expediency extends far beyond the scope of the Shari'ah and within its scope, it is not limited to specific matters. In the Shari'ah there are provisions that are temporary and changeable due to their dependence on particular circumstances and requirements. The source of recognition for this type of expediency is the Prophet and the Imams of the Infallible and the Absolute, the Islamic Ruler or the Prophet, each taking into account Islam's materiality and its specific temporal and spatial conditions and by rejecting the principle of transgression, Issues Government Expediency Orders.

Abstract In this article, we address Islamic Revolution under influence of the dialectical and omnidirectional attitudes and the coexistence of interconnected though different elements and by the centrality of Imam Khomeini’s thought and give its theoretical explanation. Thus, two major challenges identified: the lack of systematic attitudes in government and the lack of jurisprudence management on the one hand and the lack of corresponding expansion in the formal logical order, on the other hand. The central claim of this paper is that formal political formulation at the macro-level does not fit much with the constitutional and administrative principles of the constitution. This disproportion has been attributed specifically to the structure of the Assembly of Experts and to some irregular and sometimes emotional and personal interpretations of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist.

Abstract در میان کشورهای اسلامی، مصر از جایگاه ویژه‌‌ای برخوردار است به دلایل مختلف ازجمله، وجود دانشگاه الازهر، حرکت اخوان المسلمین، مصلحان بزرگ، دین اسلام، تأثیرپذیری از انقلاب اسلامی ایران در ماهیت اسلامی انقلاب مصر با توجه به پیشینه بلندی که در اسلام‌گرایی دارد نمی‌‌توان تشکیک کرد.
مصر پیشتاز حرکت‌‌های اسلام‌گرایانه در جهان اسلام است و تبلور آن اخوان المسلمین است. به همین سبب مقابله باجنبش اخوان المسلمین ومبارزه باآن وکنترل اسلام‌گرایی در مصر یکی از سیاست‌‌های غرب و امریکا در بیداری اسلامی است، در این پژوهش به تأثیر انقلاب اسلامی ایران در مصربربیداری اسلامی مصر،و شخصیت‌‌های تأثیرگذار بر بیداری اسلامی در آن کشور و خواسته‌‌ای مردم مصر در بیداری اسلامی پرداخته شده این پژوهش تحلیلی وکتابخانه‌ای است.

Abstract The model of good governance is defined as the process of formulating and implementing policies in various fields with the participation of the government, civil society and the private sector, so that while meeting the basic needs of society, it leads to justice and security and sustainable development of human resources and environment. . Using a descriptive-analytical method, while analyzing the model of good governance based on the World Bank indicators and its critique, this article seeks the main question of how the indicators of Islamic and jihadi governance based on Nahjul Balagha and the principles of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran Is? The results show a pattern of good governance based on the principles of liberal and out of developed societies representing political affiliation or ideological certain that its application in other communities in the form of external and imposed without regard to the social structure, economy, culture and values The native wanted خwould not be. Islamic governance is a form of government based on religious democracy, and what makes the Islamic Republic of Iran different from other countries in the world today is the system's efforts to achieve pure Islam in various areas of individual and social life and to move around Islam. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran provides a new style of government and governance within the framework of divine and Islamic laws, which includes the goals, policies and governance indicators of the system, including; Accountability and the right to vote and to speak for the people, the rule of law, the quality of laws and regulations, efficiency and effectiveness, the fight against corruption and political stability, and the absence of violence are evident and prevalent

Abstract Election, as the main symbol of political participation, is considered one of the important features of democracy in political systems. To ensure the safety of elections and protect the people's vote, should always monitor the shape of election. Basically, one of the prerequisites for the proper election is the correct monitoring of the fact that if the election is not conducted well, the validity of the election will be distorted.
The election monitoring issue has been seriously discussed in the political, press and academic circles of Iranian society since the 1370 A.H s/1990 A.D s, and encountered many legal and Political challenges and debates.
In this study, as much as possible, we investigate the concept and types of supervision, its scope, in the field of public and fundamental rights, reasons, nature and necessity of supervision, methods of its implementation in different countries and in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and of course the Legal and non-legal reasons of this kind of election monitoring. We also briefly review the Guardian Council's oversight of the election and its drawbacks and suspicions, the quality of the candidates' qualifications and the comparison of their conditions and qualifications in Iran with those in other countries.

Abstract The challenge of building an efficient Islamic state is in the second step of the Islamic Revolution. The main question: What is the challenge of building efficient employment in the second step of the Islamic Revolution? Sub-questions: Why? What is? How? Default: efficient government building in the second step of the Islamic Revolution, the top challenge, Iranian Islamic modeling of progress, strategy and modern Islamic civilization, is the vision of the second step of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Hypothesis: "The Challenge of State-Building Efficient Employment in the Second Step of the Islamic Revolution; "The strategic role is a special task with the policy-making and policy-making functions of the government." Explanation of Hypothesis: Government and State Employment The implementation of the balanced and middle model of the two conflicting models is one and on the one hand the government is the minimum operation of liberal capitalism and the policy of non-interference and on the other hand the conflicting state is the maximum socialist employment. Conclusion: The challenge of state-building is to implement economically, politically and culturally efficient in the second step of the Islamic Revolution, the model of the Iranian architect of Islamic modeling is the development of the public and private sectors. Methodology: Text and content analysis of the most important works and opinions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress and the statement is the second step.

Abstract با وجود اهمیت مناطق در ساختار قدرت جهانی، مطالعات مربوط به منطقه در ایران هنوز همپای اهمیت مناطق پیشرفت نکرده و منطقه و کشورهای منطقه نتوانسته جذابیت چندانی برای محافل علمی و پژوهشی و همینطور نهادهای تصمیم‌گیری ایجاد کند، این در حالی است که بررسی بیانات رهبران انقلاب اسلامی و همینطور قانون اساسی نشان‌دهنده اولویت منطقه و همسایگان در سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران است. پرسش پیش روی مقاله این است که اهمیت منطقه در ذهنیت رهبران انقلاب اسلامی و قانون اساسی را از چه منظری می‌توان تحلیل کرد و چگونه می‌توان در قالب یک مدل نظری فرایند شکل گیری منطقه را توضیح داد؟ پژوهش حاضر با بهره‌گیری از تحلیل محتوای کیفی بیانات رهبران انقلاب- حضرت امام و ایت الله خامنه‌ای - و همینطور اصول مرتبط در قانون اساسی از مفاهیم همسایگی، برادری و امت در تحلیل اهمیت منطقه بهره برده و فرایند منطقه‌شدن را در چهار مرحله توضیح داده است.

Abstract After the Islamic Revolution in February 1978, research and studies on the revolution began and continues continuously. So that a large volume of scientific studies on the Islamic Revolution has been produced during the last four decades, which have examined each of the specific perspectives of the revolution. The present article tries to use a quantitative and descriptive method and collect data by documentary and phishing methods and by using the method of "systematic review" or "critical situation summary" a comprehensive picture of the status of scientific products. To present about ten scientific-research articles published about the Islamic Revolution in the period of 1399-1390. In this study, after evaluating all the articles published in the quarterly journals, 366 articles were extracted as the statistical population of the research and evaluated in two dimensions of general or formal characteristics and thematic and content dimensions. The findings of the article show that in the content dimension, the study of issues such as the causes of the revolution, the process of the revolution and the consequences of the revolution, especially the issue of exporting the Islamic Revolution, is faced with the accumulation and increase of scientific production. But in subjects such as the study of the future and pathology of the revolution, indigenous theory and modeling, and the internal consequences of the revolution, including the cultural, political, social and economic consequences of the revolution are accompanied by a decrease and sometimes a lack of scientific production. In terms of general and formal characteristics, the role of professors and faculty members is low, especially the role of women in writing articles and not using interview, questionnaire, field and survey methods in collecting information and lack of interdisciplinary cooperation. One of the weaknesses of studies on the Islamic Revolution in the statistical population is.

Abstract Educational investment and spending a lot of money to establish educational institutions and, above all, the establishment of schools for children and adolescents has been a special concern in the intellectual system of national and local leaders of the Baha'i sect. In this regard, the focus of its leaders was on classical and school education and due to the great impact on the community of children and adolescents. Therefore, the construction and expansion of schools, attracting material and spiritual support of the Baha'i community and even government elements, attracting efficient teachers, preparing lessons and trainings related to the Baha'i religion has been a special concern in order to propagate and scientific enhancement of its followers against suspicions or propaganda of dissidents . Now, the research with the help of written and oral documents, in a descriptive-analytical method and with the basic question of what the reasons and political-religious contexts for the establishment and development of Bahai schools are in the contemporary history of Iran, Found that The Bahaism as a religious and political organization for various reasons such as the advice of cult leaders, propagation of religion, intellectual alignment of Iranian society, generational education of the Bahai community, protection of religious and political thought of Baha'i adolescents and youth, creating or strengthening unity and solidarity among thinkers And Baha'i teachers, attracting non-Baha'is from teachers to students, political propaganda by highlighting the role of Baha'is in the reform process, especially in modern education in Iran, and finally countering the anti-Baha'i vision, has put the establishment and development of schools his agenda. In addition, interactions with governments and foreign support have been effective in this regard

Abstract The behavior of the Azadi political group towards Iran's revolutionary developments and the causes of this behavior have always been the focus of contemporary history researchers. Based on this, the evaluation of the performance and behavioral characteristics of the freedom movement group during the Holy Defense period is one of the important issues and worthy of research attention. It seems that this political movement has adopted contradictory positions towards the Iran-Iraq war, therefore, the present article tries to answer this question by applying the theory of political divergence with an analytical-descriptive approach and documentary studies. What were the grounds of the political divergence of the freedom movement in the process of imposed war, and what positions did the representatives of the Islamic Council take? The findings of the article show that at the beginning of the Iraq-Iran conflict, the Freedom Movement group gave theoretical support to the holy defense, but after a short period of time and after the recapture of Khorramshahr on June 3, 1363, the positions of this group changed. was faced and they considered the performance of the Iranian political system in managing the imposed war against the national interests of Iranians. These positions caused the general representatives of the Islamic Council to line up against them and evaluate their positions as a result of their inclination towards the West, cooperation with the groups opposing the Islamic Revolution, and opposition to the religious authority.

Abstract Organizations are growing and evolving in a highly dynamic and interactive world, which makes it necessary to adopt interactive approaches. In fact, the existence of organizational governance in government organizations is very vital and can be effective in improving their performance in implementing policies. Therefore, in this research, the organizational governance model in Iran's Plan and Budget Organization has been presented with an emphasis on coevolution through the application grounded theory methodology. Based on this, the sample of this research was made up of experts from Iran's Plan and Budget Organization who were familiar with the field of organizational governance. Sampling was done based on the theoretical sampling method and using the purposive sampling method, which finally reached theoretical saturation with 19 interviews. The software used for data analysis was MAXQDA. The main findings of the research are presented in two sections: conceptual framework and conceptual model. In this model, internal factors affecting productivity such as human power, intellectual capital, as well as the context and structure of technology have been considered.

Abstract Narrative, as a source of soft power by creating recognition, vision and persuasion, has various functions at the level of every society, one of which is creating common social understanding to deal with threats and influence. In this regard, an attempt has been made to use documentary-library sources and descriptive-analytical method, while addressing the process of creating the image of the presence of America based on two narratives before and after 1342 in the eyes of the public opinion in Iran, the ability Let's examine the narratives in creating a unified understanding of the Iranian society about the behavior of this country and its impact on the social support or opposition to the American actions. Therefore, in response to the question, "What effect has the narrative created by America after 1342 had on public opinion and increasing the collective social power of the Iranian society to confront America's actions in Iran?" We are seeking to prove the hypothesis that creating a common social understanding of the interventionist face of America, creating a vision of creating national independence and determining the destiny of the society by the people themselves through a new narrative, from 1342 onwards, will lead to the formation of unity and increase The collective power of the society in repelling the threats and influence of the United States.

Abstract The occupation of Iran in the Second World War and the defeat of Reza Shah's army is one of the important issues that has left many effects on the trends of contemporary Iranian history. It seems that it was due to this influence that Mohammad Reza Shah tried to form the largest army in the region by spending high costs. It was in line with these measures that descriptions such as "the fifth army in the world", "the largest navy in the Persian Gulf", "the most advanced air force in the Middle East", "the first military power in the region" and the like became the main words of the government of Mohammad Reza Shah and his supporters. The claim that after several years of the Islamic Revolution is still being raised by the supporters of the Pahlavi government as if the victory of the Islamic Revolution was an obstacle to the Iranian army reaching the mentioned positions. This issue makes measuring the real power of Mohammadreza Shah Pahlavi's army one of the important issues in the field of contemporary Iranian history. A detailed examination of this matter can first; to open important gaps in contemporary history and the Islamic revolution, and secondly; Explore the perception of a part of the Iranian society regarding the high status of the Iranian imperial army. A measurement that was never done due to the lack of a wide and classic battle at that time. Based on this necessity, in this article, an attempt has been made to obtain a precise understanding of this issue by using the theoretical approach of "Stephen Biddle".

Abstract In recent years, due to the widespread attack of the enemies of Islamic Revolution and the attempt to spread wrong information and distort the facts regarding the performance and achievements of the country in various social, cultural, political and scientific and technological fields, the subject of "Jihad of Clarification" it was proposed by the wise leader of the Islamic Revolution as a jihad-like effort to neutralize the biased goals of the enemies. Since "Jihad of Clarification" is considered as a social process to change the ambiguous situation to a clear and awareness-based situation, in the present study, an attempt was made to present a practical plan for "Jihad of Clarification" based on the "chain of change" in social systems with a qualitative approach and using the philosophical research method. Based on this, document review method was used in data collection and reflective analysis method was used in data mining. Also, the requirements and enabling elements of "Jihad of Clarification" as a social project, in the form of things such as developing and diversification of information and awareness platforms, scientific and logical support in the processes of clarification, observance of ethics and piety of pen and language were analyzed and investigated.

Abstract The present case study analyzes the network supported by the Smith Richardson Foundation as one of the most influential American foundations in the confrontational foreign policy of the United States against political Islam, especially that related to the Islamic Revolution. Paying attention to the role of foundations in consolidating American hegemony is often one of the hidden layers that is less noticed. It is the aim of this research to take a step to fill that gap. Examining the framing of some key productions under the support of this foundation shows two main trends modeled on the Cold War experience: confronting the strategic culture of Islamic resistance and promoting a so-called moderate Western-oriented Islam. In the theoretical dimension, the article has used the " elite model of the public policy-making process" to understand the importance and position of foundations in the policymaking process in America. Based on this model and by examining the foundation's annual reports on international grantmaking, the network of institutions and individuals supported by the Smith Richardson Foundation in line with the above two goals, consisting of the RAND Corporation, the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, the Hudson Institute and the American Enterprise Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, America Abroad Media, and the National Endowment for Democracy were recognized. Also, the Smith Richardson Foundation has a network relationship with the US Department of Defense and US security intelligence agencies through the RAND Corporation. The analysis of some productions supported by the foundation shows a trend espoused by the network supported by this foundation, which is based on reverse excommunication (rejecting political Islam as a true religion) and promoting an Islam compatible with Western values.

Abstract Secularization in Iran, including policies under the shadow of modernity, became a primary concern of Reza Shah and was placed on the agenda of the Pahlavi government. Actions such as reducing the power of clergy, eliminating religious symbols, unveiling compulsory hijab, establishing a modern legal and judicial system, creating new institutions, transforming the educational system, etc., all aimed at eliminating the role of religious institutions in Iranian society. However, the question arises whether these actions were taken with the aim of secularizing Iranian society or consolidating authoritarianism. A secular government does not seek to eliminate religion or favor a particular religion but rather ensures religious freedom by maintaining neutrality. The animosity of Reza Shah towards religious institutions and symbols aimed at eliminating the power of rivals indicates that secularism in this era was a tool in the hands of an absolute government to achieve consolidation of power, despotism, and its desired ideology. Studying Iranian secularism and its formation process, Reza Shah's policies in realizing the secularization project, and the impact and position of Shia thought in Iranian society will be crucial in examining the reasons for the failure of First Pahlavi's dream of secularization in Iran.

Abstract In the context of the poststructuralist approach, discourses determine political life and action. From this perspective, political legitimacy is formed in the light of political discourse, and by changing discourses, the semantic and normative system is transformed.
The Islamic Revolution of Iran was an emerging phenomenon that made the approach of political jurisprudence Islam the basis for the creation of a new discourse and semantic system, and in the light of which political legitimacy found a different meaning. The present article seeks to examine and analyze the concept of political legitimacy in this political discourse. The main focus will be on how political legitimacy has been formed in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution and the sub-discourses derived from this discourse, and what effect the elements of this discourse, especially the elements of "Velayat-e Faqih", "Islamism" and "Iranianness" have had in this process. .
This study tries to examine the formation of the concept of legitimacy as a normative norm in the relationship between judgment and obedience in the framework of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution and the resulting sub-discourses by adhering to a method rather than ontological to Foucault's genealogical approach and discourse analysis.