Islamic Revolution Research

Abstract Finding a government throughout history without any intervention in the economy will be a very difficult task for the researcher. In fact, all governments enter the economy, and just the "extent", "methods" and "direction" of the government intervention are the fields that distinguish them from each other. The aim of the current research is to investigate the amount, methods and direction of the Islamic Republic government's involvement in the economy during the 1360s A.H. and to investigate the relationship it established with the international order and its changes. The most important results of the present research are as follows: 1- Due to the lack of inclusion of the budget document, it is not possible to make a quantitative judgment about the level of involvement. 2- In the first period of the decade, methods which are described under the title of "justice-oriented" and "state-oriented", have been used to intervene in the economy. the so-called economic adjustment methods have been used since the mid-1360s A.H. and especially in the late of decade. 3- While efforts were made to consider the interests of the deprived classes and the productive sector at the beginning of the decade, economic policies were changed in favor of the financial sector and a class of capitalists who were mainly commercial, at the end of decade. 4- "harmony with resistance" is A more appropriate term to describe the response of the Islamic Republic to the world order during the decade.

Abstract Before the victory of the Islamic Revolution, in the well-known tradition of Shiite jurisprudence, the marja’iyyah had its own community of faithful followers, regardless of geographical boundaries. After the establishment of the religious system in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on Shiite political thought, the dual conflict of Ummah-Imamat versus the State-Nation became a serious challenge for the new government in various fields. The various fields of this duality emerged in matters related to foreign policy and relations with the deprived and oppressed while respecting the internal sovereignty of nations, to the defense and military fields. One of the most important aspects of this problem is in relation to Shiites living in other countries such as Iraq, Lebanon, Bahrain, and the Republic of Azerbaijan, which are naturally mostly numerically majority with Shiites, and the Islamic Revolution has inherently had the greatest impact on these societies. This article examines the Hezbollah model in Lebanon, and is written with the hypothesis that Hezbollah in Lebanon, by understanding the environmental conditions and inspired by the political thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) and Imam Khamenei (may God protect him), was able to establish a major connection in using the leadership of the jurist in Iran while being present in the Lebanese governing organizational structure as a political party, and became a reliable model in resolving the conflict between the two models of Ummah-Imamat and State-Nation.

Abstract One of the most important issues in any revolution is to examine the horizons ahead of that revolution and the possibility or impossibility of its realization. The purpose of the present study is to examine the perspective of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of the Imam (may Allah have mercy on him) and the leadership. The main question is; How can the bright horizon that has always been emphasized by the Imams of the revolution since the victory of the Islamic Revolution until today be realized? This study has examined this issue using an analytical-descriptive method and using library resources as well as data collection from their statements and speeches. The findings of the above study are as follows: The Imams of the revolution have always considered in their statements that the main goal of forming an Islamic government during the occultation is to pave the way for the emergence of Imam Mahdi (may Allah have mercy on him) and believe that other goals and horizons of the country should also be in line with achieving this great goal. The most important factors that will make this vision come true are: maintaining a monotheistic view and deep heartfelt belief, not neglecting the main slogans and values, relying on internal capabilities, especially the strength and energy of the youth, hope for the future, jihadi work, and preserving the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. In contrast, the dominance of a materialistic and self-serving view, self-deprecation, the dominance of Western culture, values, and lifestyle in society, and distancing oneself from Islamic beliefs and values, are among the most important obstacles facing the vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and ignoring them can gradually lead this revolution to the abyss of collapse and destruction.

Abstract Social unity and cohesion are a necessity for all countries and societies, and a basic condition for survival and growth. Given the existence of rich resources and sublime Islamic teachings, valuable points can be extracted in this regard that can be a guide for the Islamic society and solving the current problems of the country, and can also be provided as an alternative to other thinkers in the world. In the meantime, Nahj-al-Balagha, with its significant socio-political teachings, can be useful as one of the valuable resources in this field. The aim of this research is to extract and explain the requirements of governance to strengthen social cohesion.
The research method is inductive qualitative content analysis. Based on the findings, the requirements of governance to strengthen social cohesion were obtained in three axes: doctrinal requirements including: monotheistic attitude, considering the government as a divine trust, and the necessity of accountability to God Almighty. Attitudinal requirements including: giving full value and priority to people, good faith and trust in people, love and mercy, feeling of brotherhood and closeness, and benevolence and love of service) were obtained. And functional requirements including: self-improvement of agents, justice and justice development, security, livelihood, education and growth of people in society, implementation of Sharia, keeping promises and building trust, accessibility and accountability, transparency, and living a simple life in step with the people were obtained.

Abstract Abstract
The theory of Velayat-e Faqih (Guardianship of the Jurist), as one of the most important foundations of Shi‘a political jurisprudence, was, prior to the Safavid era, largely confined to limited domains such as hisbah (public duties), judiciary, and endowments, and rarely entered the realm of politics or macro‑level governance. The central challenge was the absence of institutional infrastructure and political support needed to expand it into the public sphere. This study, adopting a “Historical Institutionalism” approach and employing a historical–functional analysis, examines the role of the Safavid state in transferring this theory from restricted jurisprudential discourse to an operational structure of governance. Analysis of documents, legal texts, and historical evidence reveals that the strategic alliance between the Safavid monarchy and the institution of Shi‘a jurisprudence was the main driver of this transformation. The findings show that the Safavid state, seeking to consolidate legitimacy and stabilize power, established a structured network of religious institutions and symbols—from the foundation of the judicial divan and the office of the Sheikh al‑Islam to the organization of the endowment system and the reinforcement of public Shi‘a rituals. Figures such as al‑Muhaqqiq al‑Karaki, benefiting from royal patronage, implemented the doctrine of general deputation (niyābat ‘āmma) and elevated the jurist’s position to that of a “religious ruler” (ḥākim shar‘) with extensive authority. This process created a lasting model of mutual legitimacy‑building between the monarch and the jurist, whose effects persisted in later movements, from the Constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution. The conclusion is that the transformation of Velayat-e Faqih in the Safavid era was not merely an intra‑jurisprudential evolution, but rather the direct outcome of the institutional functions of the state, leaving an irreversible legacy in the history of Shi‘a political thought.

Keywords: Functionalism, Safavid State, Formation, Transformation, Theory of Velayat-e Faqih

Abstract Since its inception, ISIS has consistently used its advertising plus in its best to achieve its objectives. This type of advertising includes a range of tools, including; social networks, internet videos and magazines. Because of the status of the ISIS image, this article attempts to answer the main questions, which are ‘what is the discourse governing the ISIS advertising structure’ and ‘How is this discourse going through in the journal Dabiq?’ To find out the answer of the main questions, we used the discourse analysis method, especially the Laclau and Mouffe discourse analysis theory.
Research findings show that, first, the accessibility of this publicity discourse is increasing due to the inappropriateness of the social world for a Muslim and the deprivation of social life. Another significant feature of the ISIS propaganda semantic system is the enmity element that has a great circle and its inclusion is very extensive and it is the main factor in identity and religious practice. It is also from other findings of this paper that using metaphors in the contemporary world triggers radicalism in ISIS audiences.
In general, in this article, with numerous citations to the magazine ‘Dabiq’, the various dimensions of the discourse governing the structure of ISIS's propaganda have been examined.

Abstract Revolution is one of the most rare, attractive and complex phenomena in societies, whose explanation involves taking into account the various and diverse aspects involved in its emergence. For the moment, and with regard to the subject, we will only point to the cultural aspects of the Islamic Revolution. Basically, revolutions are occurred in a particular context and situation. Some forces have always acted as engines of revolution: awakening, political mobilization of the masses, social mobilization, delegitimizing of the former political order and designing of a legitimate and desirable order, establishment of a popular and revolutionary system, and revolutionary ideologies.
In this research, we will study the importance of the Iranian revolution and compare it with the Arab countries with regard to the characteristics of the revolution, and ultimately the impact that the Iranian revolution has on the Islamic awakening and the importance of Shi'ism and leadership in the victory of the revolution. This paper, by using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer these questions: What has been the main factor and characteristic of the Iranian Revolution, which has had a significant impact on the Arab revolution? And what are the similarities and differences between the Islamic Revolution of Iran and the Arab Revolution?
The type of this research is a descriptive and analytic study and will analyze the discussion based on the characteristics of the revolution and the significance of the concept of the Iranian revolution and its effect on Islamic awakening. According to the nature and type of subject matter of the study, data collection has been carried out using various methods based on the library and the Internet method and the analysis of the findings has been done mainly by a qualitative analysis method.

Abstract The main question of this article is that what is the resistant society as an Islamic pre-theory first proposed by Imam Moosa Sadr and what are its characteristics? Can it be utilized to protect Islamic revolution of Iran in the face of expansionist threats by great powers? Resistant society is versus passive society and enjoys a specific characteristic which is the prime barrier in the way of expansion and domination of great powers over countries that seek political and economic independence. Therefore with an accurate analysis and its correct adjustment to current conditions, this pattern can be used as one of the methods to protect Islamic revolution of Iran.

Abstract One of the most challenging topics of Iran's foreign policy during the years after the Islamic revolution, especially during the last decade, has been the issue of big data. During these years, few theoreticians and theoreticians have tried to process this challenge, but part of this important has been realized in this article. These conditions lead to raising the question of how artificial intelligence in the theoretical framework of the continuum of power - in this article specifically the three components of physical deterrence, club/fear and deterrence strategy - affects the decision-making of Iran's political leaders and their success in forming a strategy. Has the international influence? The hypothesis of the current research is based on the argument that according to Christopher Hill's power continuum theory, among the nine variables in this continuum, three components of physical deterrence, club/fear and deterrent strategy tending to hard power have played a role. The findings of the research mention the three mentioned components as the most important factors in achieving the implementation of hard power in the era of artificial intelligence in Iran's foreign policy. However, it does not ignore the influence of the other 9 variables of the mentioned continuum. In the current research, a descriptive qualitative method and electronic and written sources have been used.

Abstract Inferring the theoretical framework of explaining the Islamic revolution from Islamic sources and thoughts has always been in progress since the revolution, but there has been a dispersed scientific emergence. Considering the high status of the holy Quran in Islamic thought, one of the major areas of these studies is to search the Qur'an for a theoretical framework or new theory that has the authority to explain the great changes of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In this regard and in this study, considering the outstanding role of the concept of "Hezbollah" (the party of Allah) in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, Sura Al-Mujadila has been chosen to explain the Qur'an of the Islamic Revolution. This is the only Qur'anic Surah that explicitly spoke to Hezbollah and “hezbosatan” (the party of Satan) and provided a good base to study the confrontation between the two parties. In the Sura Al-Mojadila, a key behavior of the Satan party is introduced below the concept of "Mahadeh", which is opposing to the rule of God and the Prophet of Islam (PBUH). Hezbollah reacts to this disgusting attitude and there is another notion that Hezbollah's overthrow of Satan party. From the expression of the sura Al-Mujadila, it can be seen that the time of Hezbollah's ultimate conquest of the Satan party is at the same time as the advent of Imam Mahdi. This important reception links the adventure of bipartisan confrontation in the pre-emergence era. The study of Imam Khomeini's thought shows that these Qur'anic perceptions are in line with his intellectual framework. The match between the Islamic Revolution and Imam Khomeini's Hezbollah and Hezbosatan perception is a proof of his belief in the present bipartisan clash and the victory of Hezbollah. Therefore, it is possible to refer to this Sura and the "Mahadeh" as the basis for a spectacular theoretical explanation of the Islamic revolution.

Abstract Since the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949, six strategic concepts  for NATO's transformation have emerged as one of the most active actors in  the global geopolitics, from which the third strategic concept of the post-Cold
War is the "active partnership, modern defense". The first NATO post-Cold  War strategic concept was published at the Rome Summit in November 1991, and the second one in the Washington Summit in April 1999, which was
updated on the fiftieth anniversary of the Treaty of Rome. The third strategic concept of NATO is the main theme of the present paper, and the author using the theoretical framework of the syllogism of NATO's new strategic concept,
tries to answer the original question “what is the new NATO approach to political Islam over the past decade?’ Using the content analysis method and library resources tools, the main hypothesis of the paper is that "NATO's
geopolitical approach to security is reflected in its military, political and social dimensions in the form of a distinction between "self" and "other" and therefore the political Islam has developed from the Islamic Revolution of Iran
as a geopolitical challenge to it and has been identified as an ideological rival for the rule of NATO's liberal democratic values over the past decade, and NATO's new strategic concept seeks to control it." The findings of this article
showed that the Islamic Revolution of Iran as a major political and social development with the establishment of the Islamic political system based on genuine Islamic values and Shi'ism in the age of hegemony of Western values
in the world's geopolitics was able to highlight the discourse of political Islam, revival the identity of political Islam and the empowerment of political Islam at the national and international levels so many believe that the continuation
of the changes that took place after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, which led to the beginning of the process of changing the balance of global geometry of power, including the growth of trends in political Islam, the wave of popular protests against Western values, Islamic awakening and ... are influenced by revolutionary spirit of the Shi'a political Islam culture.
 

Abstract The statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution includes an excellent description of the past and recounts the future tasks of the revolutionary forces. We have become socio-cultural, economic, political and scientific-technological. We believe that the implementation of these strategies and strategies will be useful and fruitful both for solving some existing problems and for achieving the high goals of the system.The statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution includes an excellent description of the past and recounts the future tasks of the revolutionary forces. We have become socio-cultural, economic, political and scientific-technological. We believe that the implementation of these strategies and strategies will be useful and fruitful both for solving some existing problems and for achieving the high goals of the system.The statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution includes an excellent description of the past and recounts the future tasks of the revolutionary forces. We have become socio-cultural, economic, political and scientific-technological. We believe that the implementation of these strategies and strategies will be useful and fruitful both for solving some existing problems and for achieving the high goals of the system.

Abstract The concept of the revolutionary system is a lasting and innovative turning point in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution in order to consolidate and develop its policies and systems. In the life cycle of revolutions, the factors of inertia and decline of political systems are included: the diminishing of ideals, fundamental and functional values; a kind of return to the former caused by the change in the revolutionary nature of agents; and their submission to confrontation and the pressure of environmental factors which compound by the gradual shift in identity and transformational change over time, because  of lack of an element of thoughtful and transformative strategic thinking and leadership. The main purpose of this article is to explain the semantic dimensions of the "revolutionary system", in particular its deterrent and anti-

Abstract The research shows that in the period before the Islamic Awakening, the convergence of Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt was based on cultural and historical commonalities as well as economic interests, but there were also political and ideological divergences. After the Islamic Awakening, the convergence and divergence of these three countries was based on complex political, religious, and economic interactions.These interactions included competition for regional influence, differences in interpretation of political Islam, and responses to global developments such as the Islamic Awakening. Ultimately, the analysis shows that internal factors such as political structure, external factors such as great power interventions, and ideological factors all played key roles in shaping this complex pattern of convergence and divergence. This comparison helps to better understand regional developments and the challenges facing Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. The method of this research is a comparison that compares the causes and factors of convergence and divergence between Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt before and after the Islamic Awakening, according to the theory of regionalism.

Abstract One of the most important issues about the Islamic Revolution of Iran that have attracted the attention of political scientists is its influence on other countries, especially the Islamic movements, including the Islamic Movement of Hezbollah in Lebanon. The present study uses a library method to analyze the components of the maximum impact of the Islamic Revolution on the movement based on the theory of diffusion. Diffusion theory was first applied to the spread of tuberculosis, cholera, and so on, which later developed its meaning and applied to the dissemination of other issues, including cultural ones. This article, while explaining the theory of diffusion and its influencing factors, has analyzed the impact of the Islamic Revolution on the Lebanese Hezbollah movement based on diffusion theory factors.
The present study concludes that the Islamic Revolution of Iran, among all the free nations of the world and all Muslims and Islamic movements, had the most influence on the Islamic movement in Hezbollah in Lebanon. The implications of this maximization have been analyzed and the most important components are included: the closeness of the majority of the intellectual and ideological foundations of this movement to the foundations, values and ideals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran; and the existence of the most common sides between the foundations of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and the ideological foundations of the Hezbollah movement. 

Abstract This article analyzes Peter Mandeville's views and the criticisms raised by the Islamic Revolution regarding the role of Saudi Wahhabism in world peace. Mandeville is a prominent scholar in the field of politics and religion. He sees the promotion of Wahhabism under the financial and strategic support of Saudi Arabia as being based on a complex interaction between the Saudi government and religious institutions. From Mandeville's perspective, Saudi religious transnationalism, in the sense of "exporting Wahhabism," has affected dozens of countries and created risks for world peace. At the same time, the local context and environmental conditions have caused the entry of Wahhabism into each country to take on a specific form. In different countries, local factors have welcomed Wahhabism due to economic interests. These effects should be examined and their patterns extracted. By stopping the export of Wahhabism through Saudi support, it is hoped that the global effects resulting from the promotion of Wahhabism in that local context will stop and we will once again witness world peace in these regions. Mandeville specifically outlines some of these patterns. Here, we present these patterns and critique his views from the perspective of the Islamic Revolution. The results of this study show that the Saudi shift from Wahhabi extremism to secular Islam can reduce regional tensions. In the next section, the article addresses criticisms of the Islamic Revolution that see Wahhabism as a tool to counter Iranian and Shiite influence. This section emphasizes the destructive effects of Wahhabism on global peace and its role in promoting hatred and terrorism, as well as the spread of violence and division among the Muslim Ummah. The article emphasizes that recent changes in Saudi Arabia’s domestic and foreign policies can play an important role in reducing global tensions and promoting peace.

Abstract Abstract
One of the most important assets of the armed forces is human resources, which play a key role in ensuring the security and authority of the country. So that the optimal performance of the armed forces depends on the characteristics of its personnel. Since there has been no considerable study of the characteristics of the personnel of the armed forces of the Islamic Revolution, In this study we will explore the characteristics of the personnel of the armed forces from the viewpoint of the Islamic texts (Quran and Nahjol Balagheh) and The thoughts of leaders of the Revolution. This research is qualitative in terms of data type, and development - applied in terms of purpose, and Grounded Theory in terms of method. The research population consists of the content of the Islamic texts (Quran and Nahjol Balagheh) and speeches, statements and commands of the Imams of the Revolution. For data gathering, the foundation data method in Islamic research (Khannifar et al., 1390) has been used. After the subject entries have been identified by experts,, Islamic texts and leaders of the Revolution's ideas of the armed forces staff were read by researchers and their properties were extracted in 56 concepts. Then, using the results, staff characteristics were classified into two dimensions (declarative and practical) and four components (ethies, method, intuition and action). The results of this study have contributed to the theoretical development of the characteristics of the personnel of the Islamic Revolutionary Armed Forces and provides tacit guidance to the scholars, military, and commanders of the armed forces in understanding the Islamic texts and Leaders's ideas.

Abstract The effects of political thought of Imam Khomeini on the mourning ceremony of Muharram have been examined less with regard to the concept of mourning itself and have been further analyzed with a political viewpoint. In the present study, while explaining political thought of Imam Khomeini at the beginning of his struggle (Khordad 42), the type of effect of this thought in the theme and formulation of different types of mourning was studied.
The methodology of this study is an interpretive-historical comparative study that is based on qualitative approaches and deep and exhaustive studies of a limited number of cases. In the research about the context of the theme, it became clear that the metaphor of "Shah is Yazid of Time" is presented as the most important concept in the mourning ceremony. In the context of formulation, changes were also examined in four categories. Finally, confirming the main question of the research on the effect of political thought on the mourning ceremony, it became clear that the changes in formulation in no way meant the loss of mourning from its "mournful" nature.

Abstract This paper is going to focus on the topic of the issuance of revolution and its modeling role of the Islamic Revolution, so answer to the question: “which are the most important components in the modeling of the Islamic Revolution for the countries of the world?” To answer this question, first of all, it is necessary to explain, base on the perspectives of Ayatollah Khamenei, some concept such as the anti-Islamic Revolution concepts (arrogance), the strategic depth of the Islamic Revolution, the anti-imperialism, the oppressed (the audience of the Islamic Revolution). After explaining these basic concepts, we will focus on three areas of modeling that should be studied as issuing of the Islamic Revolution, with the focus on them, the fields of issuing and increasing the influence of the revolution would be clear. The Islamic Revolution, with its components such as the Islamic identity model, the model of imperialism denying and a powerful Iran, can be influential by the role of creating a political system of example for other countries in the world. By focusing on these three components, this article tries to focus on the particulars of these issues in detail. In this research, the data foundation's method has been used to refine and retrieve texts and lectures of the leader of the revolution; however, at the same time, we have tried by finding solutions and using strategies such as elite interviews and keyword searches, to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of this method. We have also tried to read the entire lectures and the great statement of his, to design a unshakable structure and conceptual design of the subject of the research.

Abstract In the philosophy of politics, in which it will be dealt with the practical implications of political science, not with its theoretical and fundamental aspects, one of the fundamental issues is the role of the will of people in the process of governance. The significance of this discussion seriously raises the question of how we can simultaneously base our assertion on the role of divine will and the people’s will in the establishment and survival of the religious government on the rational and rational basis.
The theoretical results of this research, which have been obtained through documentary and explanatory methods and using the narratives and rational arguments, is that in religious democracy, on the one hand, the real ownership of the world of existence, especially human beings, is God. And Islam is the only ritual of the organization of human life in all fields, and on the other hand, according to God's genetic will, man has the authority to determine his own destiny, and the rule of Islam is only through the exercise of the laws of Islam from the will of mankind, but this authority is not the source of the legitimacy and lawfulness of the sovereignty of Islam, but the origin of objectivity and the cause of the survival of the sovereignty of Islam and divine rulers.
 
 

Abstract Politics are formed within a discourse, based on the duality of hostility and sympathy, or the incongruous and congrouos relationship with "other" discourses. Discourses with the definition of politics determine, on the one hand, the identity frontiers between the "insider" and "other" forces and, on the other, define the political conflicts in a community. The collapse of the Pahlavi regime and, eventually, its dismantling, was the result of a conflict among the discourses and the political Islamist discourse was at the head of them. The emergence of this discourse was more reactive than active to Pahlavi's discourse, which sought to stabilize itself in the context of the discourses of society by highlighting the other elements and marginalizing of religious discourse as non-existent.
Accordingly, the present study examines how the political process was shaped by Pahlavi's discourse and its impact on the formation of the revolutionary political discourse of Islam in a crucial period in contemporary Iranian history. In this research, the researcher is trying to show how the political formulation of Pahlavi discourse has influenced the formation of the revolutionary political discourse of Islam in Iran by the method of Laclau and Moffe’s discourse analysis and the extraction of concepts and categories related to the political concept. Our hypothesis in this paper is that the political formulation of Pahlavi discourse in the form of full hostility with religious discourse led to the politicalization of religion and the formation of revolutionary political discourse in Iran.

Abstract The development of the student movement as a driver social activities is one of the important concerns of the Islamic Republic today, but the decline in student movement indicators in Iran indicates the high importance of the need for thinking and action to develop it and the model needs social analysis of the student movement after It is the Islamic Revolution that expresses how and why. According to the dimensions mentioned for the student movement in the existing literature are one of the most important elements of the structures that affect the movement and the important point about the structures is the relationship of governments and intellectuals with movement. Student movement analysis has not been considered. This study seeks to find a framework for student movement analysis in universities. The research is qualitative and uses the data theory theory method with an emerging approach to formulate a framework for student movement development based on the relationship between governments and Intellectuals are with the movement. Data collection is through semi-structured interviews with a group of secretaries of student unions and organizations and activists of the student movement from the beginning of the revolution until now, and during the interview with 15 people, theoretical saturation was obtained. The final framework of the research includes two models of diagnosis and determination of student movement decline and development of student movement. In the model diagnosis, there are three main categories of causes of movement weakness and signs of student movement index decline and negative consequences There are also 5 main categories in the development pattern the student movement, including reinforcing natures, pivotal phenomena, strategies, and consequences.

Abstract Since the private face of government and state, based on principles and foundations of politics in its modern sense,
is non-divine and satanic and is seriously against political ethics based on religious thought, it has been rejected and
rebuked in Imam Khomeini's ideas and thoughts. In practical politics Imam's behavior also confirms the rejection of this face of state. Directly referring to Imam Khomeini's thoughts as well as considering experts' interpretive ideas, what can be said in this article is his belief in that religion and politics are the same. He believes so due to the comprehensiveness of religion of Islam and similar goals of religion and politics rejecting any political paradigm lacking ethical and religious
considerations such as the private face of state. His concern to make politics religious in every aspect is also understandable and extractable this way.

Abstract Particularism is a condition under which a state or an active entity in international law, in order to implement its values ​​and pursue its goals, repeatedly and purposefully takes actions contrary to the general rules of international law. In this paper, while explaining the reasons for the emergence of legal particularism, have been studied the features such as repeated and systematic violations of international law, the emphasis on duality and sovereignty as particularistic behavioral attributes.
The present paper, after addressing the above-mentioned methods, addresses the issue of the split of international law as a result of legal particularism and finally provides suggestions for policy makers of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s state regarding this issue. It is imperative that national legal and diplomatic institutions, while gaining a proper understanding of legal particularism, play a proactive role in leading and directing the presentation of expert literature and the production of legal literature in this field.

Abstract With the development of communication technology, the role of governments in controlling many matters, especially the flow of information and controlling and guiding public opinion, is weakening day by day. Cyberspace has also transformed society and disrupted the value system, expanding new espionage and developing hybrid battles And because of this, it has created serious security threats
In the current situation, the existing communication infrastructure in Iran is significantly dependent on the World Wide Web, and this issue has produced serious challenges for the independence and security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Due to the unreliability of such a communication structure, the stability and security of communications on the existing network platform will also be compromised.
The purpose of this study is to explain the role of the national information network in strengthening the independence and national security in the second step of the Islamic Revolution.Therefore, the main question of the research is :What is the role of the national information network in strengthening the independence and national security in the second step of the Islamic Revolution?
For this research, the method of document analysis has been used and for data collection, fish taking tools have been used. According to the research findings, the realization of the national information network can provide the ground for the protection of national information reserves, enhance deterrence against cyber threats, protection of privacy and legitimate freedoms, development of passive defense, and so on.
The most important thing is to guarantee the independence and security of the country and the realization of the sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Iran in cyberspace, which is a key dependence on the realization of the national information network in three dimensions of infrastructure, service and content.