Today, the branding of a country and issuing a positive or negative portrayal of it is based on the various components of its software and hardware power. Nowadays, different nations in the world are branding themselves and portray it based on different components such as economics, culture, politics, governance, tourism, and so on. Now the question is that whether religion can really be the branding of a nation to represent and present itself in the world? Can the branding of religion be a positive and decisive element in raising a country and enhancing its soft power and subsequently spreading a positive image of it? The Islamic Republic of Iran seems to have been able to expand its areas of influence and power by branding religion, though this power has been influenced by the interests of powerful Western countries in times of anti-system and in opposition to the structure of the international system. The dual standards and norms of the international system have not recognized the religious branding of a nation and its legitimate interests because it is primarily concerned with religion and its use as a basis for influence and increasing power in conflict with the norms and interests of the great Western powers and their allies. The present article emphasizes that the Islamic Republic of Iran has been able to portray and present itself in the world with a religious brand, even though this portrayal was at times based on opposition to the international system.
Alvandi,Roham (2014a) Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Alvandi, R. (2014b) Iran and the Cold war, Iranian studies, Vol.47, No.3, pp: 373-378
Anholt, S (2007) Competitive identity: the new brand management for nations, cities and regions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
Anholt, Simon (2010) A political perspective on place branding, In Go, M, Frank and Robert Govers, international place branding year book. Ney York: Palgrave Macmillan
Aronczyk, M (2013) Branding the nation: the global business of national identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Buhmann, Alexander (2016) Measuring Country Image, Theory, Method, and Effects, Fribourg: Springer
Caldwell, N. and Freire, J. R. (2004). The differences between branding a country, a region and a city: applying the brand box model. Journal of Brand Management, 12(1):50-61
De Vicente, Jorge (2004) State Branding in the 21'st century, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy Thesis, Fletcher international school, Tufts university
Eisenschitz ,Aram (2010) Place Marketing as Politics: The Limits of Neoliberalism. In Go, M, Frank and Robert Govers, international place branding year book. Ney York: Palgrave Macmillan
Emery, C. (2013) US Foreign Policy and the Iranian Revolution: The Cold War Dynamics of Engagement and Strategic Alliance, New York :Palgrave Macmillan
Eugene D. and Nebenzahl D. (2001). National Image and Competitive Advantage. Copenhaguen Business School Press,
Fan, Y(2010) Branding the Nation: Towards a Better Understanding, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010, pp. 97-103
Fan, Y. (2006) Banding the nation: What is being branded? Journal of Vacation Marketing 12 (1): 5–14.
Fan, Y. (2008) Soft power: The power of attraction or confusion. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4 (2): 147–158.
Gholi Majd ,M.(2016) Iran Under Allied Occupation In World War II: The Bridge to Victory & A Land of Famine, Lanham, University Press of America
Go, frank and govers, Robert (2011) International place branding year book 2011: Managing reputational risk, Plagrava Macmillan,
Jervis, Robert (2010) why intelligence fails: Lessons from the Iranian revolution and the Iraq war, Cornell university press,
Kaneva, N., (2012) Nation branding in post-communist Europe: identities, markets, and democracy. In: N. Kaneva, ed. Branding post-communist nations: marketizing national identities in the ‘new’ Europe. London: Routledge, 3–22.
Kotler, P. and Gertner, D. (2002) Country as brand, product, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5): 249–261.
Mayes, Robyn(2008) A place in the sun: The politics of place, identity and branding, Place branding and public diplomacy, Volume 4, Issue 2. Pp:124-135
Olins, W. (2002). Branding the nation—the historical context. The Journal of Brand Management, 9(4), 241 –248
Pamment, James (2014) New Public Diplomacy in the 21st Century: A Comparative Study of Policy and Practice, London: Routledge
Roth, K.P. and Diamantopoulos, A. (2009) Advancing the country image construct. Journal of Business Research 62: 726–740.
Scottcooper, A. (2016) The Fall of Heaven: The Pahlavis and the Final Days of Imperial Iran, New York: Henry Holt and Co
Sharp, Paul (2005) Revolutionary states, Outlaw regimes and the techniques of public diplomacy, in Melissen, J. (editor), The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, New York NY: Palgrave Macmillan
Steele, Robert (2014) British Persian studies and the celebrations of the 2500th anniversary of the founding of the Persian empire in 1971, Master thesis of philosophy in faculty of humanities, University of Manchester press.
Verlegh, Peeter (2010) Country image: Why they influence consumers, In Go, Frank and Robert Govers, international place branding year book. Ney York: Palgrave Macmillan
Wang, J (2006) Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era: Public diplomacy revisited, Public Relations Review, Volume 32, Issue 2, , Pages 91–96
Weissbrod ,L.(1983) Religion as National Identity in a Secular Society, Review of Religious Research, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 188-205
Whetten, D.A. and Mackey, A. (2002) A social actor conception of organisational identity and its implications for the study of organisational reputation. Business & Society 41 (4): 393–414.
Beidollahkhani, A., & Kahrazeh, Y. (2019). Islamic Republic of Iran and Religious Branding; Anti-System Revolutionary Acts in the International System. Islamic Revolution Research, 8(3), 49-65. doi: dor:20.1001.1.23222573.1398.8.30.3.7
MLA
Arash Beidollahkhani; Yaser Kahrazeh. "Islamic Republic of Iran and Religious Branding; Anti-System Revolutionary Acts in the International System". Islamic Revolution Research, 8, 3, 2019, 49-65. doi: dor:20.1001.1.23222573.1398.8.30.3.7
HARVARD
Beidollahkhani, A., Kahrazeh, Y. (2019). 'Islamic Republic of Iran and Religious Branding; Anti-System Revolutionary Acts in the International System', Islamic Revolution Research, 8(3), pp. 49-65. doi: dor:20.1001.1.23222573.1398.8.30.3.7
VANCOUVER
Beidollahkhani, A., Kahrazeh, Y. Islamic Republic of Iran and Religious Branding; Anti-System Revolutionary Acts in the International System. Islamic Revolution Research, 2019; 8(3): 49-65. doi: dor:20.1001.1.23222573.1398.8.30.3.7