Analyzing the role of the Zargandeh Committee in the changes of Iran's political system

Gh, B; Jalalials, Rohollah

Analyzing the role of the Zargandeh Committee in the changes of Iran's political system

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

b gh ¹

Rohollah Jalalials ²

¹ Associate Professor, Department of History, Civilization and Islamic Revolution, Faculty of Education and Islamic Thought, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

² Graduate of Qom Seminary and PhD in Islamic Revolution Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

During the last two centuries, Iran, despite its rich resources, being on the way to East Asia and the open waters of South and Africa, had attracted the greed of the superpowers, and the 1919 Wastouq-ud-Dawlah agreement, which provided the maximum interests of the British and British colonial governments and After the Russian Revolution of October 1917 and the reduction of the tsar's interference in Iran, it was considered one of the ways of its colonization, which was the influence of the knowledgeable clergy, along with the masses of people and true benefactorsThe nation, like Martyr Ayatollah Modares and his enlightened actions, caused the annulment of this humiliating and ominous agreement. However, the colonialism of the old British, angrily, carried out the colonial action and the second act of its plan with the help of Westernist and Freemason agents in Iran and its 1999 coup. replaced the 1919 contract. The preparations for such a plan were made with a secret committee called the Iron Committee or the Zargandeh Committee. According to this analysis of the activities of the committee members,It gives us important historical information on the recruitment of elites to carry out the pre-planned purposes of foreigners in Iran, indicating that its members have played an essential role in the political developments of their time in the Iranian political system; in addition to the fact that the origin And its programs have reached England completely and in terms of organizations. In fact, this committee has been the implementer of the Iranian part of the puzzle of British policies in the transfer of power.

Keywords

Iron Committee

Zargandeh Committee

1919 contract

Pahlavi I

Seyyedzia Tabatabai

Subjects

Theoretical foundations of the Islamic Revolution

Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad, (241 AH), Al-Musnad, Dar Sadr, Beirut, eight volumes, 2 volumes.
Nisaburi, Muslim ibn Hajjaj, (261), Sahih Muslim, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, 2 volumes.
Kufi, Muhammad ibn Sulayman, (300), Manaqib Amir al-Mu'minin (AS), Majma' al-Thaqafa al-Islamiyya, Qom, first edition, (1412).
Bayhaqi, Ahmad ibn al-Hussein, (458), Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, 2 volumes.
Nawawi al-Dimashqi, Abu Zakaria, (676) Riyad al-Salihin, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, second edition, (1411).
Zarandi al-Hanafi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf, (750), Maktaba Amir al-Mu'minin (AS), Najaf, first edition, (1401).
Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, (910), Al-Jami’ al-Saghir, Darafekr, Beirut, first edition, (1401).
In-Jawzi Hanbali, Abd al-Rahman, (597), Dar al-Imam Nawawi, Jordan, second edition, (1413).
Moeen, Mohammad (1386), Farhang Moeen, Zarrin Publishing House, Tehran.
Michael Rush (1388), Society and Politics, translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, Samat Publishing House, Tehran.
Mahmoud Saree al-Qalam, Rationality and the Future of Iran’s Development, Tehran; Farzan Rooz Publishing House
Az-Ghandi, Alireza (1385), An Introduction to the Political Sociology of Iran, Qoms Publishing House, Tehran.
Majd, Mohammad Gholi (2003), The Great Famine and Genocide in Iran, Lanham, MD: American University Press
Majd, Mohammad Gholi (2011), England and the Occupation of Iran in World War I, translated by Mostafa Amiri, Institute of Political Studies and Research, Part 1.
Miroshnikov, Lee Ivanovich (1996), Contemporary, Iran in World War I, translated by A. Dakhaniati, Tehran.
Jean-Pierre Cardeau, Bernard Orchard (1998), Contemporary, Iran in the Twentieth Century, translated by Abdolreza Houshang Mahdavi, Tehran.
Moatazede, Khosrow (1999), The Great Tension in Iran's Foreign Relations under Reza Khan, Alborz Publishing.
Ironside (1994), The Secret Memoirs of Ironside, Tehran, Rasa Publishing, First Edition.
Fardoust, Hossein (1991), The Rise and Fall of Pahlavi, Information Publishing, Tehran.
Ghani, Cyrus (1401), Iran: The Rise of Reza Shah and the Fall of the Qajar Dynasty, translated by Hassan Kamshad, Niloufar Publishing House, Tehran.
Dolatabadi, Yahya (1982), The Life of Yahya, Tehran, Ferdowsi Publishing House.
Bahar, Mohammad Taghi (1999), A Brief History of Iranian Political Parties, Zavar Publishing House.
Kianouri, Noureddin (2003), Memoirs of Noureddin Kianouri, Tehran, Information Institute Publishing House.
Mekki, Hossein (1982), Twenty-Year History of Iran, Tehran, Kavian.
Solh-Mirzaei, Khadija (2003), Documents of Iranian-Turkish Relations, National Library of Iran.
Aqeli, Bagher (2010), Biographies of Contemporary Iranian Political and Military Figures, Namek Publishing House.
Rouhani, Mansour (2017), The Pahlavi Era's Men, narrated by SAVAK documents, the Center for the Study of Historical Documents of the Ministry of Intelligence, The Pahlavi Era's Men, Seyyed Zia'eddin Tabataba'i.
Hedayat, Mehdi Qoli Khan (1947), Memories and Dangers, p. 516, Tehran, Rangin.
Qadr Velayat (1994), Research Institute, Kashf Hijab, Tehran.
Tabrizi Shirazi, Mohammad Reza (2004), The Political and Social Life of Seyyed Zia'eddin Tabataba'i, Tehran Publishing.
Jean-Pierre Degar, Bernard Horkade and Yann Richard (1999), Iran in the Twentieth Century, translated by Abd-e-Reza Houshang Mahdavi, Alborz Publishing, Tehran.
Zavash, H.M. (1982), The Role of Freemasons in the Historical and Social Events of Iran, Ayandeh Publishing.
Madani, Seyyed Jalal-eddin (2015), Contemporary Political History of Iran, Jamia Modaresin Publishing.
Mehrdad, Mahmoud (1984), New Political Culture, Weekly Publication.
Aqeli, Baqer (2001), Daily History of Iran from the Constitutional Constitution to the Islamic Revolution, Gofar Publication.
S. Malikov (1979), Establishment of Reza Khan's Dictatorship in Iran, Translated by Sirous Izadi, Tehran.
Moatazadeh, Khosrow and Pasian, Najaf Gholi (1990), Architects of the Pahlavi Era, Sales Publication.
Afshar, Iraj and Mossadegh, Gholam Hossein (1986), Memoirs and Thoughts of Mossadegh, Tehran, Scientific.
Farashbandi, Ali Murad (1979), History of the Democratic Party of Persia, Tehran, Islamic.
Discovery of the British Hypocrisy or Hypocrisy and Trickery Based on Confidential British Documents on Iran (1957), Berlin, Kaveh. Parviz Afsar (1953). History of the Gendarmerie.
Kenneth Bourne & D. Cameron Watt. British Documents on Foreign Affairs. University Pubs of America, 1990
Memoirs of the First Lieutenant of the IR (1994), Ahmad Amir-Ahmadi, with the assistance of Gholam-Hossein Zargarinejad, Tehran, Institute of Research and Cultural Studies.
Mikhail S. Ivanov (1977), Modern History of Iran. Translated by Houshang Tizabi and Hassan Ghaempanahi.
Tabari, Ehsan (1986), The Situation of Iran in the Contemporary Era.
Haqqani, Musa (2002), The Branded Coup, Zamaneh Quarterly, No. 5-6.
Dennis Wright (1978), The English in Iran, Translated by Gholamhossein Sadri Afshar, Tehran, Donya.
Stephanie Cronin (1998), The Pahlavi Army and Government, Translated by Gholamreza Ali Babaei, Tehran, Khojasteh.
Aramesh, Ahmad (1979), Seven Years in Arya Mehr Prison, Tehran, Book Translation and Publishing Company.
Bamdad, Mehdi (1978), Biography of Iranian Men in the 12th, 13th and 14th Century, Vol. 3, p. 52, Tehran, Zavar Publications, Second Edition.
Fakhraei, Ebrahim (1977), Gilan in the Constitutional Movement, p. 183, Jibi Publications, Tehran.
Contemporary History of Iran (1991), Book Three, Institute for Research and Cultural Studies
Mikhail. S. Ivanov (1977), Modern History of Iran. Translated by Houshang Tizabi and Hassan Ghaempanahi.