Authoritative modernization and development programs in the Pahlavi period and the village economy

Soleimani, Gholamali

Authoritative modernization and development programs in the Pahlavi period and the village economy

Document Type : Original Article

Author

gholamali soleimani

university of tehran

Abstract

Throughout history, the village formed the main sector of Iran's economy and for this reason, the largest labor force and production belonged to this sector. Since the early formation of the Pahlavi government, the countryside and rural livelihoods underwent fundamental changes and developments under the influence of the Pahlavi regime's authoritarian modernization program. The settlement policy dealt a severe blow to the livelihoods of the tribes and transferred the demographic burden of this sector to the villages. In addition, the discrimination in the government's support program in favor of the city and the urban population and the consolidation of the economic power of landowners caused the first severe shocks to affect the livelihoods of the villagers in the early Pahlavi period. After the consolidation of power of Mohammad Reza Shah, from the thirties onwards, rural livelihoods were severely affected by the land reform program and subsequent development programs. With this description, the question before this article is: What impact have the development and modernization programs had on the rural economy and, consequently, the livelihoods of the villagers? It seems that the Pahlavi government, in implementing the country's development and industrialization programs, did not focus on the countryside as one of the most important sectors of the country's economy, and giving priority to industry emptied the capacity of the countryside and prevented the flourishing of the potential of the countryside as the primary and fundamental platform for development, reducing its power and role in achieving development.

Keywords

Pahlavi regime

modernization

development programs

Subjects

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