Islamic Revolution Research

Abstract

Abstract The appearance of Safavid dynasty and its reliance on Islamic law, specially on Shiite political feqh, caused Iranian history of political thought and manner of ruling to take an new form. The founders of the dynasty, seeking for religious legality to rule based on reasonable norms and religious teachings paid attention to Shiite scholars and the scholars also made the most of their opprtunities and in this manner, a new theorization of such a view as guardianship and supervision of Faqih occurred. Some remained works of that period have recorded the situation of public law and constitutional law during 230 years of Safavid period and have formed the source of the paper. When analyzing the documents, the theory of legality and its religious principles and justification of that sovereignty in the form of kingdom and the climate of authoritarianism have been attended to.    

Abstract HJB during its short life played an important role in compiling constitutional law, forming civil organizations, the three powers of Islamic republic of Iran in the form of its members` presence in those political organs. Again, at the beginning of its political activity, it performed nine important national elections including the referendum of IRI, the elections of the first and second periods of The Islamic Consultative Assembly, an election for final survey
of the Constitutional law of IRI and a referendum for it, three presidential elections and the first period of Leadership Elites Assembly along with other important activities to oppose crises and difficulties risen after the victory of IRI. The paper has studied the question: such being the influence of the party, what agents caused HJB to come to end? And how one may analyze the role of the party elites with regard to its stopping? In the paper, using
Huntington Samuel`s theorical model on institutionalization and its norms, it has been proved that the level of institutionalization would desire some considerable changes of behavior in elites. While the elites had conditioned their activities in full agreement with Islamic values and teachings and, therefore, they were not
able to change their behavior. It was the very agent led to the party`s stopping. The method of study taken here may be known as theorical, applicable, pathological, analytical and descriptive respectively with regard to its aim, essence and method.

Abstract One Islamic teaching, partially reflected in IRI Constitutional Law, is the way of acting and behaving towards non-Muslims. The fourteenth principle of IRI Constitutional Law, on the eighth verse of chapter Mumtahana, has regarded good manner of behavior, justice in action and observing human rights towards non-Muslims and as a duty of IRI state and Muslims. This principle shows IRI`s moral manner of interaction towards non-Muslim. Though pluralists for proving
their own view, speak of good manner of interaction towards all followers of religions, one may find a considerable distinction between theirs and this principle of IRI Constitutional Law. Such meaning of pluralism had been put forward in Islam; yet, it does not lead to epistemological and salvational pluralism. The paper has critsized pluralists` view in the field and described fundamental deference of that principle with the mentioned view.

Abstract One most fundamental principle of Imam Khomeinie`s thought, manner of life and character, having appeared as Islamic Revolution`s strategy, lies in his attention to the unity of Islamic community. Such being the case, unity of word, avoiding disunity, emphasizing what in common, unity and sympathy and the interests of Islamic community have been regarded as one essential and durable teaching of Imam and his true successor, the great leader of Islamic Revolution. The study of this strategic teaching and its norms have been into put forward in the paper. As is shown, rather than its being an important, applicable and strategic topic, necessity of the study lies in its being as a natural necessity and a Divine duty.  

Abstract During recent centuries the problem of faqih`s rule in the absence of pure Imam has been focused on among fuqaha, some have viewed for and some other against it. Among the former one important problem may be found; it runs as: are foqaha obligated to prepare the ground to form Islamic government or not? Among those saying that it is the duty of people to prepare necessary conditions for establishing Islamic government by faqih, Imam has viewed foqaha to be obligated for measuring to prepare conditions and form faqih`s government and invite people to accept it. For him, therefore, preparing the necessary ground for government would be as the grounds for the necessary not for th necessity. In the paper, Imams view and its proofs have been studied and explained in a analyticodescriptive method. Finally it has been described that though legality of faqih`s government is divinely prepared, attaining the government by power is not permited and public acceptance is needed.  

Abstract The twofold of Shi`ism and Iranian national identity have been viewed differently. The paper has taken the same view
as Imam Khomeini`s on appearance of Shiism in Iran by scholars` leading and teaching during the process of time, not
by Safavid`s force and obligation; though having established Shi`ism as the formal religion and Shi`ite national identity in Iran turned to governmental and administrative dicisions. Yet, Shi`it scholars` educational and leading policies had
began and spread the Shiite national identity before Safavid kingdom and, then, were more spread and rooted by Safavid
cultural policies and scholars` confirmation and propagation. Therefore, one may not consider Safavid kingdom as the
cause of Shiism`s establishment; rather, Safavid dynasty itself and Shi`ite nationality were founded and rooted in the
shadow of Shi`ite scholars` educational and guidance and, epistemologically, socially and politically objectified in various and different components.

Abstract Islamic Republic of Iran as an important event affected Shi`ite society of Yemen. Since Islamic Revolution has always announced supporting public movements against tyrranical regime as one of its duty. And again Iranian leaders have intended to issue their revolutionary teachings. The reality of IRI`S support of the weaks against cruels as well as anti Iranian propagations under the pretext of issuing revolution along with threats against Saudi Arabia in the area caused Saudi A`rab in the extreme to be poles apart. Based on the hypothesis of the study, the affect of Islamic Revolution of Iran on Ansarollah and Alhauthi current has been of two kind soft and hard, namely of thought and current both in accordance to the theory of spread.    

Abstract Social media and social nets have been known as considerable phenomena in recent years; regarding their abilities, usages and affects, they have been centered on, particularly after revolutionary changes of Islamic awakening in The Middle East and north of Africa rising, as some believe, by them. The paper has studied the way in which social media affected Arabic revolutions; those viewed by some to be formed and progressed by social media and called as revolutions of facebook and twitter. Regardless of the measure, and acknowledging the very affection, the paper has intended to survey manners of this affection and concluded that social media have been of deep and considerable part in developing and deepening citizens` abilities and protest movements. And again, the paper tries to study the extent to which the role players of Islamic awakening have used social media such as facebook, twitter and youtube to increase awareness of people and to order political conditions.It should be state that in the paper, the changes in Arab countries have been regarded as Islamic awakening.    

Abstract Being of extended dimensions and scope and after more than two decades, globalization has prepared the ground for new identity-maker sources by the help of I.T. Islamic Revolution in Iran won on the basis of religious values and has passed three generations. Globalization challenges new generation of Islamic Revolution today. There can be found few studies on such challenges and the question of what, in this field, has not found its answer. Iranian young generation, considering natural demands of this period of life, is opposed to globalization threats. The paper, using Laclau and
Mouffe`s method of discourse Analysis, intends to find some the threats and to show some ways for opposing them.

Abstract In the paper, it has been intended to survey Imam Khomeini and Dr. Ali Shari`ati`s roles in revolutionary mobilization comparatively. Islamic Revolution of the year 1357, called as great miracle of the century, led to appearance of great ideologists in the field of mobilizing of revolution of whom these two persons are clearly appear. On authors` proofs, Imam Khomeini`s role in the field has been rather more extended to that of Ali Shari`ati and, contrary to the claim of some outstanding scholars of the revolution viewing the latter as the main ideologist of revolutionary thought, the former`s role, including all peoples in every class and group has been of no example. It has been shown that Imam`s discourse during the period before revolution and after it, has been dominant; while that of Shari`ati has been limited to
academic and enlighenment circles and, therefore, more limited.

Abstract This article seeks to examine and evaluate justice in thought and action among the executive elites of the Islamic Republic; What is the attitude and action of the executive elites of the Islamic Republic in achieving justice in the social, political and economic spheres according to the goals of the Islamic Revolution? To what extent have the social, political and economic needs of the society been considered by the executive elites of the Islamic Republic in view of the goals of the Islamic Revolution?
The research method is analytical-descriptive with an institutionalist approach. We will try to study and evaluate justice in the thought and action of the executive elites of the Islamic Republic with an institutionalist approach based on Islamic attitudes and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic, according to first and second hand documents.
Research findings show; the elites of the Islamic Republic (Mir Hossein Mousavi, Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Seyyed Mohammad Khatami and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad) based on Islamic ideas (influenced by liberal and socialist ideas) and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic based on meeting the multidimensional needs of society, sought the one-dimensional realization of social, political and economic needs according to the demands of society, which led to the neglect of multidimensional needs. This, in turn, deprived the society of its multi-faceted needs and led to the victory of states with one-dimensional preferences for the needs of society.