Islamic Revolution Research

Abstract Purpose: The present article seeks to answer “from the intellectual and practical point of view, what role scholars and Shiite jurisprudents played in the conception and victory of the Constitutional Revolution?”
Method: This research counts on a sociological approach. This discussion has been explained analytically and descriptively from the point of view of political sociology, relying on the role of influential social forces in revolutions.
Findings: The findings show that the scholars and Shi'a jurisprudents were of influential social forces and have had a significant intellectual and practical role in the constitutional revolution.
Conclusion: The study reveals that Shiite scholars have played a leading role in creating revolutionary motivations and awareness among the masses in the struggle against domestic tyranny and the domination of aliens, and had showed the most enduring and remarkable experience from the intervention of the political affairs of that day.

Abstract This paper is going to focus on the topic of the issuance of revolution and its modeling role of the Islamic Revolution, so answer to the question: “which are the most important components in the modeling of the Islamic Revolution for the countries of the world?” To answer this question, first of all, it is necessary to explain, base on the perspectives of Ayatollah Khamenei, some concept such as the anti-Islamic Revolution concepts (arrogance), the strategic depth of the Islamic Revolution, the anti-imperialism, the oppressed (the audience of the Islamic Revolution). After explaining these basic concepts, we will focus on three areas of modeling that should be studied as issuing of the Islamic Revolution, with the focus on them, the fields of issuing and increasing the influence of the revolution would be clear. The Islamic Revolution, with its components such as the Islamic identity model, the model of imperialism denying and a powerful Iran, can be influential by the role of creating a political system of example for other countries in the world. By focusing on these three components, this article tries to focus on the particulars of these issues in detail. In this research, the data foundation's method has been used to refine and retrieve texts and lectures of the leader of the revolution; however, at the same time, we have tried by finding solutions and using strategies such as elite interviews and keyword searches, to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of this method. We have also tried to read the entire lectures and the great statement of his, to design a unshakable structure and conceptual design of the subject of the research.

Abstract During the 72-year-old life of the Constitutionalist system of Iran (1907-1979), 24 sessions of the National Assembly was formed. Beside the fifth parliament, which endorsed the Qajar dynasty’s downfall and the transfer of the Iranian monarchy to the Pahlavi dynasty, the election of the last 20 parliamentary period was held during the reign of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah. In the present article, critical views of Imam Khomeini on the issue of holding elections and the position of the National Assembly in the period of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah have been studied. The purpose of the research is to explain the legal reasons of Imam Khomeini's objections and criticisms of the electoral mechanism and the position of the National Assembly of that time.
The present study is based on the historical method and critical theory test, whose fundamental approach is "the process of revealing the gap and the difference between the inner goal and the external reality of a phenomenon". It will analyze and evaluate the views of Imam Khomeini on the position of the elections and the National Assembly on the Constitution and its position in the field of political action. The findings of the research confirm the usefulness of the critical theory for explaining the critical views of Imam Khomeini on the issue of the elections and the National Assembly. Because of the influence of the monarchy and the executive branch, there was a fundamental conflict between the position of the National Assembly in constitution and its position in the sphere of political action.
 
 

Abstract Due to the history of the civilization of the two countries of Iran and Turkey in the history of Islam, examining of the ideas of the elites of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and the Islamist elites of Turkey is very vital. Turkey is significant because of the six hundred-year-old caliphate of the Ottoman Empire and Iran because of the significant role of its scholars in expanding Islamic ideals in the world. Therefore, in this research, we tried to study the influence of the Islamic Revolution's elites on the Islamist elites of Turkey. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method and utilizes an adaptive approach to answer the main question of how the elites of the Islamic Revolution of Iran have had an impact on the Islamist elites of Turkey. Comparing the thinking of these scholars reflects the great influence of the Islamic revolutionary thinkers on the Islamist elites of the Turks, so that they got strongly influenced on the issues of the comprehensiveness of Islam and of universal political Islam, the efforts of convergence in the Islamic world, attention to the component of jihad. Also, the precision in the fields of acceptance of democracy and freedom in Islam is one of the other views of the elite of the Islamic Revolution of Iran which has influenced on the Islamist elites of Turkey.
 
 

Abstract The victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran was the result of the imminent leadership of Imam Khomeini in mobilizing religious forces and, at the same time, influencing non-religious and national-religious groups in accepting strong his leadership and coherence-making. The ability of his popular mobilization was so powerful and timely that all political groups were forced to accept this leadership and his word influence in society and political groups made them all to coordinate themselves with he, and thus Imam played a unique role in the triumphant process of the Islamic Revolution. All the forces in the political-social context of Iran, which began to emerge at least from the era of constitutionalism and began to grow and were partly organized and coherent, had to comply with this revolutionary storm that the Imam had begun, and for this reason this revolution was not come to a conclusion without the imminent leadership of Imam Khomeini. This research is to examine and illustrate the widespread discourse of Imam Khomeini's leadership and supervision during the Islamic Revolution and its ability to overcome rival, liberal (national-religious) and leftist (Marxist-Leninist) discourses. Based on the research hypothesis, the method of communicating and the political and social discourse of Imam Khomeini was so successful that marginalized rival discourses that had been active for many years in Iran, along with this highlighting his discourse provides the highest level of accessibility and credibility and hegemonic for Imam’s readings of Islamist political discourse as the main discourse during the Islamic Revolution. Thus, the discourse of Imam Khomeini in the political mobilization and the realization of the revolution - due to the strong social dialogue and socialism, the conditions of the Islamic society of Iran and the ideological beliefs and beliefs of the people and the existence of powerful religious institutions - against the elitist discourse of nationalist groups and intellectuals, the national movement and secular and religious leftists which did not have these conditions, has played a more significant role.
 

Abstract The main question of this research is whether the allegations of Big fixity attributed to Akhund Khorasani are accurate and capable of citing? Accordingly, this research examines narrative of the material, the relation between these types of material, the kind of documented texts and the relation to the type of behavior and political actions attributed to Akhund Khorasani and at the same time, examine the quality of the material with the social and political background of the Akhund. It will use an analytical descriptive approach and the library data is reviewed.
The result of this study is the inaccuracy of the allegations made about Big Fixing to Akhund Khorasani and that he is one of the characters who tend towards the idea of Velayat-e faqih in thought and action.

Abstract This article deals with the contemporary history of Iran and describes the social and political conditions in Iran from the Qajar period to the victory of the Islamic Revolution, and explains how the language used in politics has undergone fundamental and ultimate changes and has had a profound impact on the individual and social life of Iranians. By changing the political language, the profound changes happened in people's view of life, their way of life, the way of thinking and as a matter of fact in their nature and their destiny, led to a great revolution under the leadership of a powerful personality and a high-ranking jurisprudent. It also examines the influence of history, tradition and language on the thoughts and existence of humans, and explains how the religious culture of the society evolved by highlighting some symbols by intellectuals and priests and reviving some aspects of tradition has transformed people life.

Abstract Imam Khomeini, on the eve of the victory of the revolution, thought to establish a coalition council of revolutionary forces that controlled the situation with speed and revolutionary contraption. The practical form of this thought was the formation of the Revolutionary Council. The council had various activities in the legislative, executive, and judicial spheres, so that, at some critical points, was the most important pillar of the country's executive, along with its other duties. Therefore, the main question is: “what role did the Revolutionary Council take during the transfer of power in the process of Islamic Republic systemization?” The council, in order to put an end to the uncertainty and chaos during the transition period, the legislature, with the proposed option appointing the prime minister and establishing the interim government and subsequent developments, established the basis of the executive branch and by establishment of the Revolutionary Courts and the Supreme Judicial Courts, made the revolutionary judicial system structure.
Due to the importance of the subject, this research is an attempt to recognize the philosophy of formation, history, acts, and functions of the Revolutionary Council. In its seventeen-month lifetime, the council did like the think tank of religious revolutionaries, the decision-making center and the decision-making authority. It was fundamental to the containment of crises and made critical measures in the direction of systematization. The research data were analyzed using descriptive - analytical method and with respect to the chronic of the events.
 
 

Abstract The Islamic Revolution of Iran has experienced many problems during its 37-year-old's life and needs to reconsider its problems and obstacles and identify the dangers and impending events in the future in order that its problems do not prevent its survival and continuity. The insecurities of each era have their own characteristics and are different from other periods, the greater the goal, the less the feasibility of corruption of the revolution. In the meantime, in the course of the movement, the fight against the pests of the revolution is one of the important issues that the revolutionary forces must identify and fix. Undoubtedly, every country faces challenges and insecurities after their revolution and Iran is no exception to this rule. Inner and Outer problems threatens the Islamic Revolution security that leads to its decline. The author intends to examine the cultural-political insecurities facing the Islamic Revolution of Iran based on the ideas of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Motahhari by using an analytical-descriptive approach and the documentary methodology. The research question is: which cultural-political insecurities threaten the future of the Islamic Revolution of Iran? And what do Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Motahhari think regard these insecurities? The findings of the research show that insecurity in the Islamic Revolution is culturally and politically widespread. The Islamic Revolution of Iran, if seeking power and stability, should identify these insecurities, and the next step is to protect itself against them.
 
 

Abstract The main question of this research is that “what are the internal political challenges of the Islamic Revolution in the thought of Imam Khomeini?” To answer this question, the Imam's political thought was studied in the framework of the Springer Crisis Theory, which has four stages: observing of incidence and crisis, the identification of causes, the image of the ideal society, and the provision of solutions and curing. According to the research findings, the main problems and crises of the Islamic Revolution in the internal dimension that could injury the revolution and the Islamic system from inside are the tripartite forces that are considered to be the pillars of the system: weaken and destroy each other, lack of independence and assertiveness in practice, law-braking and not paying attention to the law. Non-compliance with Islam and its rulings (non-compliance with Islamic laws), ineffectiveness of the political system, lack of legitimacy and acceptance of the political system, are forces that create these crises and can be the most important and the main causes and factors of this crisis and challenges. The ideal of Imam Khomeini to eliminate these problems is to build an ideal society in which the establishment of social justice, the acquisition of independence and assertiveness, the establishment of law and the maintenance of Islamic rules are formed. Finally, Imam Khomeini outlines these solutions for the resolution of crises and problems: the practice of Islam and Islamic rulings, the rule of law, and people-devotion. This research has used the document analysis method to collect relevant documents.