Protest, as one of the most important political and social actions, has always had a special place in the relationship between the people and the government. However, the boundary between "legitimate protest" and "illegitimate riot" is considered a challenging issue in political and jurisprudential thought. The present study, by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on the sources of Imamiyyah jurisprudence and analyzing the statements of the Supreme Leader (the Supreme Leader), seeks to explain the jurisprudential foundations and frameworks governing the legitimacy of protest in the Islamic system. The main issue of this study is what are the criteria for realizing "legitimate protest" in the statements of the Supreme Leader and on what evidence and principles of Imamiyyah jurisprudence these criteria can be inferred. The findings of the study show that protest is legitimate in the eyes of Allah if it is realized within the framework of law, rationality, morality, and with a clear demarcation towards the enemies of Islam. Accordingly, protest not only does not contradict the people's trust and support for the authorities, but it can also be an example of enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong and a tool for reforming and developing the Islamic society. On the other hand, any oppositional movement that undermines public security or provides a basis for abuse by enemies will be classified as riot and sedition and will lack jurisprudential legitimacy. This article, by examining the jurisprudential foundations of protest in the rule of justice and fairness and analyzing its position in the Islamic Republic system, concludes that in the thoughts of the Supreme Leader, legitimate protest is an opportunity for public oversight, prevention of deviations, and strengthening social cohesion, and can contribute to the stability and authority of the Islamic system within the framework of Sharia.