This study aims to investigate the impact of social factors on awareness of citizenship rights in Tehran. The importance of this issue lies in the connection between social variables (social capital, social identity, attitude towards globalization, religious orientation and presence in the public sphere) and the promotion of citizens' legal awareness;
This is justifiable both from the perspective of urban sociology theories and communicative action and based on the fundamental rights and the Charter of Citizens' Rights in Iran. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative and survey in terms of nature. The statistical population included all citizens over 18 years of age living in 22 districts of Tehran, of whom 384 people were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling based on the Cochran formula.
The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 80 items, whose validity was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis and expert opinion, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.87). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that social capital (β=0.42), social identity (β=0.31), religious orientation (β=0.28), and attitude towards globalization (β=0.22) have a positive and significant effect on awareness of citizenship rights, while presence in the public sphere showed a less significant effect. These results indicate that promoting social capital and strengthening citizens' social identity play an important role in increasing their awareness of citizenship rig The innovation of this research lies in combining sociological and legal approaches and presenting a local model to explain the social factors affecting awareness of citizenship rights in the metropolis of Tehran. From a practical perspective, the findings can be a guide for the Tehran Municipality and other social and cultural institutions in designing policies to promote citizenship rights, creating platforms for social participation, and public education.