Islamic Revolution Research

Abstract Finding a government throughout history without any intervention in the economy will be a very difficult task for the researcher. In fact, all governments enter the economy, and just the "extent", "methods" and "direction" of the government intervention are the fields that distinguish them from each other. The aim of the current research is to investigate the amount, methods and direction of the Islamic Republic government's involvement in the economy during the 1360s A.H. and to investigate the relationship it established with the international order and its changes. The most important results of the present research are as follows: 1- Due to the lack of inclusion of the budget document, it is not possible to make a quantitative judgment about the level of involvement. 2- In the first period of the decade, methods which are described under the title of "justice-oriented" and "state-oriented", have been used to intervene in the economy. the so-called economic adjustment methods have been used since the mid-1360s A.H. and especially in the late of decade. 3- While efforts were made to consider the interests of the deprived classes and the productive sector at the beginning of the decade, economic policies were changed in favor of the financial sector and a class of capitalists who were mainly commercial, at the end of decade. 4- "harmony with resistance" is A more appropriate term to describe the response of the Islamic Republic to the world order during the decade.

Abstract Land reforms were seriously planned and implemented during the second Pahlavi period. The most important reason for the implementation of land reforms in most contemporary writings is foreign factors, especially American pressure on the Iranian government. In this research, political factors centered on the Shah as the main issue in the land reform plan have been discussed. By examining various sources and books, we can conclude that factors such as the Shah, America, Amini and Arsanjani played a decisive role in the planning and implementation of Iran's land reforms in the 1340s. But the important and noteworthy point is that by removing each of the mentioned factors (except the king), probably the reforms would have been implemented sooner or later by the king. Because carrying out land reforms was politically beneficial for the Shah of Iran in every way. Because he was a reformist king and opposed to the big owners and in favor of the rural population and his government was introduced as a modern and progressive government by the powers of the East and the West.
The findings of the research show that the Shah of Iran was able to obtain short-term political fruits from land reforms. Therefore, the main factor in the implementation of reforms was the will of the king, and America has only played the supporting role with financial aid

Abstract Objective: In all key documents, general policies of the system, and guidelines derived from Islam, the leader of the Islamic Revolution has consistently emphasized the realization of justice in the lived experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to examine the place of justice within the intellectual system of the leader of the Islamic Revolution.
Methodology: This research adopts a developmental approach and utilizes a documentary method alongside both quantitative and qualitative (relational) content analysis of the statements of Ayatollah Khamenei from 1989 to 2023. The analysis was conducted using R and SPSS software to organize and analyze the data.
Findings: Based on the content analysis of the leader’s statements from 1989 to 2023, a total of 580 concepts related to justice were identified, grouped into 18 overarching concepts of justice. All of these concepts were found to have significant relationships with one another. While acknowledging the shortcomings in the current state of justice in society and the reasons for their occurrence, the leader introduced the characteristics of justice, the ideal society, and practical solutions for justice in 5 major categories, aiming to establish a justice-oriented society.
Conclusion: As a theorist, the leader of the Islamic Revolution has developed a theory of justice grounded in Islamic jurisprudence and teachings. He believes that complete justice can only be realized by the divine will and through the infallible Imam. However, as a political leader, he does not limit himself to theorizing; he considers relative justice attainable in society and proposes practical and operational solutions. In a broader framework, he believes the realization of justice in various domains is achievable by authorities with the participation of the people.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to design a cultural policy-making model based on the participation of middle circles (a study in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance) in 1402. In the qualitative part, we used the meta-synthesis method to identify components and indicators. The number of statistical samples in this study was 174 scientific articles that were selected from reputable domestic and foreign sites, and a sample of 74 articles was selected using the Sandelowski and Barroso method, and the critical value of known articles and components and indicators were determined using the focus group and the CSP method. Then, for screening using the Delphi method, 18 people were selected from the statistical population, representatives of the Parliament, the Cultural Commission of the Parliament, university professors, and officials and trustees of Islamic Culture and Guidance, using a targeted accessible method. The Delphi method was implemented in two rounds, and the components and indicators were revised and adjusted. In the quantitative part, we designed the model using structural and interpretive modeling and using a focus group, and in addition to the leveling of the components, the type of components was also determined. The results of identifying indicators and components in the qualitative part showed that political factors, policy agility in the field of cultural transformation, geographical factors, opportunities and location, specific functions of middle links, cultural strategies, threats to cultural policy, external environment of technical factors, general government policies, middle links in the field of culture, the impact of culture on policy, human capital, types of middle links, etc. The general functions of middle links in the meta-composition were identified and screened through the Delphi method, and finally, with the help of the interpretive structural modeling method, the levels of each variable were introduced.

Abstract The model of great jihad is one of the Islamic values, and the greatest task of Teraz University is the second step of the Islamic revolution. Determining the details of the Jihad Kabir model, the components and indicators related to it is an important matter that should be taken as the second step in a systematic look at the design of the Jihad Kabir model in Teraz University. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to design and develop a model to explain how the Great Jihad model is operationalized in the university. Based on this, in the analysis of the subject, the descriptive analytical method and the method of collecting library information have been used with the aim of explaining and drawing the dimensions and components of the Jihad Kabir model in the university. In this regard, the results of the research indicate that the model of Jihad Kabir in Taraz University can be divided into two categories of perceptions and confirmations; Explaining the dimensions of the subject's perceptions; Looking at what and the nature of great Jihad, pattern and university, and after confirmations, there are three variables "insight, attitude and action". In the vision dimension, the components of God-centeredness, guardianship, and faith in God, and in the tendency dimension, the components of human dignity, freedom, and discretion, and in the action or behavior dimension, disobeying the enemy and commanding the good and forbidding the bad, have been drawn and explained.

Abstract Seeking happiness and achieving good life is one of the natural problems of human beings , and therefore every system and school of thought , depending on its ideology , regardless of the legitimacy of its intellectual and political structure , seeks to realize it . Islamic system and government is not excluded from other political systems in this regard . This article is devoted to the explanation of the foundational components of the realization of good life in the Islamic system and government with a descriptive and analytical method, of course , by looking at the fundamental transformation document and evaluating it in the intellectual system of Ayatollah Khamenei . Hayat Tayyaba is multi - faceted, without paying attention to religious , worship and moral areas ; political and social ; science and technology ; economic and professional ; biological and physical ; Aesthetic and artistic is impossible .

Abstract Abstract
The Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979 is one of the most significant events in contemporary Iranian and West Asian history. Understanding this social phenomenon's causes, contexts, and formation is crucial for theorists and policymakers who seek to maintain public order and social security or aim to control and moderate factors driving social change. This research aims to analyze critical perspectives on the causes of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and provide a consolidated and comprehensive explanation. Accordingly, the central question is: Which theoretical framework offers the highest explanatory power for understanding the causes of the Iranian Islamic Revolution? Research findings, based on a Ultracombination approach, indicate that the Islamic Revolution while challenging many existing theories of revolution, is inherently multi-dimensional. Thus, no single theory can fully explain it. Consequently, this study categorizes various theories of the Islamic Revolution using a fishbone diagram to highlight neglected aspects and present the authors' viewpoint.
Keywords: Revolution,Theory, Ultracombination, Fishbone Technique

Abstract The Holy Quran, which has drawn the basic lines of human sciences, considers man as a free-natured being. Freedom has been a widely used concept, one of which is "freedom of expression". With regard to the creations of the opponents that Islam is against "freedom of expression" and that the Islamic revolution does not give a chance to dissenting thoughts, it is necessary to explain it from the point of view of the commentators of the Qur'an, especially the Qur'anic vision of Imam Khamenei. Because he uses the queen of ijtihad in seminary sciences and mastery in human sciences including politics and society, he has up-to-date and responsive Quranic theories in this field. Using the descriptive-analytical method and inferential thematic interpretation, this article seeks to answer the question, what is "freedom of expression" in Imam Khamenei's Quranic thought? An examination of the Quran-based statements of the supreme leader shows that he has given the right to guidance, social supervision and questioning by citing the verses that allow arguments and debates with opponents and orders to listen to the words of others. It recognizes the members of the society, orders the imam and the community to consult and give advice, prohibits the oppressed to sue and hide the facts, "freedom of expression" is not only Permissible but considered necessary in some cases. The proof of "freedom of expression" is based on this group of verses because these matters do not become objective unless the expression of opinions is free. It is free to express one's desires and mental possessions; But not in an absolute and unregulated way, but this matter can be accepted and defended in the form of sharia, reason, logic and science.

Abstract ۹۴۸ / ۵٬۰۰۰
The development of the mining sector and mineral industries in Iran after the Islamic Revolution has played a very important role in the economic progress of Islamic Iran. This progress has led to the creation of employment, technology development, attracting investors and economic balance in different regions of the country. On the other hand, preservation and productivity of natural resources, improvement of environmental technologies and regional interactions are also considered as advantages of this progress. With significant growth in the production of steel, copper, cement and other items, Iran is now among the most developed countries in the field of mining and related industries. During the last forty-four years, the number of mining units, production of steel, copper, cement and other industries related to mines has increased significantly. In this article, the following article with analytical method in four fields: the past (the situation of steel before the Islamic revolution), the present (progress and achievements of the Islamic revolution in the field of steel), capacity (the capacity of resources and mining industries in Iran) and the future of mining. and the steel industry (future outlook for the steel industry based on high-level documents) examines the state of the steel industry.

Abstract Great powers in the field of the international system have many capabilities in various fields, which has placed them in a privileged position to operate in various international fields, especially international law. In the modern era, which includes the period after 1945, great powers, especially the United States of America as the hegemon, in the field of the international system, in addition to the development of traditional international law, in many cases have shaped new legal rules. In addition to the cooperation and competition of great powers, their unilateralism can also have many effects on international law. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the results and consequences of the unilateralism of the United States on international law. In this sense, the question is: What effect has American unilateralism had on the change and evolution of international law? In the following, the hypothesis is proposed that Considering the high capacity and ability of hegemony in the field of international relations, in the field of international law, although the unilateralist performance of this country can lead to the creation of international custom in some cases, but in practice, it has brought about changes in line with America's interests and the functional weakness of international law. The current research has investigated the unilateralism of the United States in the field of international law in three areas: creation of international custom, cross-border consequences of domestic law, and interpretation of international law rules using the process tracing method. Based on this, by determining the time period from the era of George W. Bush onwards, the evidence necessary to show the unilateralism of the United States is collected and its impact on international law is stated.

Abstract Strategic narrative is one of the most important sources of soft power of governments. America's soft power reinforces American exceptionalism. The hegemony of the American strategic narrative has faced opposition and the main effort of the opponents has been to prevent the expansion of this narrative to their lands. In the meantime, the Islamic revolution as a phenomenon that has seriously challenged American exceptionalism, has established an approach that is a step beyond opposing this strategy or simply preventing the expansion of the American strategic narrative, which can be seen in the form of the concept of "de-narrative" was elaborated. What is the position of Iran's Islamic Revolution in America's strategic de-narrative? The main hypothesis is formulated in such a way that the strategic narrative emanating from the discourse of the Islamic Revolution has challenged the American strategic narrative at the systemic, identity and policy-making levels and by presenting a new model has played an important role in the de-narrative of America's strategy and its decline. This article is done using the descriptive-analytical method.

Abstract Relations between Iran and the Zionist regime have had many ups and downs since the beginning of this regime. During the Pahlavi era, despite the opposition of public opinion, relations between the two countries were formed secretly and informally and within the framework of common interests. After the Islamic Revolution, the Iranian government completely severed relations and introduced the Zionist regime as a usurper and illegitimate regime. This research, which was compiled using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of how Iran's strategy towards the Zionist regime changed and changed. An examination of numerous indicators indicates that the change in Iran's foreign policy was due to Islamic ideology and the desire to export the revolution. Therefore, the governments after the Islamic Revolution emphasized the need to support the rights of the Palestinian people, and diplomatic relations between Iran and the Zionist regime were severed again after the victory of the revolution, such as on July 16, 1951, when Mohammad Mossadegh, the then Prime Minister, ordered the severance of relations. On the other hand, the Zionist regime was never recognized as a national state. As a result, the approaches adopted by Iran towards the Zionist regime can be divided into five periods: the doctrine of calculated ambiguity, the doctrine of severance, the doctrine of perimeter, the doctrine of strategic patience, and the doctrine of active deterrence.

Abstract Knowledge-based Governance is a Form of Governance is That the Relationship Between the Rulers and the Ruled is Organized Based on Science, Technology, Research, Religious Insight and Political Awareness of the People. Achieving knowledge-based Governance is an Undeniable Necessity for any Scale of Governance. Because Without a Suitable Model in this Field, Fair Growth and Development is Impossible to Implement. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Statement of the Second Step of the Revolution is a Major Political Document and a Strategic Vision for the Institutionalization of Governance in Various Dimensions. Therefore, the Discovery of Themes in the Text is One of the Basic Requirements for Planners in Various Fields. The Present Research Has Been Carried out by the Method of Thematic Analysis Using the Two Combined Methods of Brown and Clark as Well as Atride- Stirling, Simultaneously With the Coding of the Key, Obvious, Hidden and Repetitive Themes of the Second Step of the Revolution in the MAXQDA Analytical Software. For This Purpose, by Recalling the Statement Text of the Second Step of the Revolution in the Software and Reading the Text Several Times, the Themes Were Coded From the Beginning of the Statement. A Number of 636 Codes Were Extracted in the Form of 70 Basic Themes and 7 Organizing Themes. The Seven Organizing Themes Were Placed Under the Overarching Theme of "Knowledge-Oriented Governance Based on Science and Technology, Research, Religious Insight and Political Awareness".

Abstract Several factors contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Although the Westerns regard the collapse of the Soviet Union as a product of their actions during the Cold War years, they confiscate it in their favor, with the emphasis it can be said that the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and its impact on the collapse of the Soviet Union have been the main factors behind this change.Of course, along with the role of enlightenment of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the letter of Imam Khomeini to Gorbachev and his influence on the people, elites and Soviet leaders should not easily pass. Therefore, it is necessary to study the reflections of the Imam on Gorbachev in the Soviet Union, according to which the influence of the letter of Imam on the process of collapse of the Soviet Union is explained.This article, reviewing and analyzing Imam Khomeini's letter to Gorbachev, examines its reflections, and its impact on the elites and leaders of the Soviet Union, and its role in the process of collapse of the Soviet Union and the collapse of the bipolar system.

Abstract The Iranian society, after the Islamic Revolution, due to undergoing a modernization process in social relations, has always been prone to the growth of differences and generational gaps within itself. This research aimed to investigate the degree of attachment of three generations: children, parents, and grandparents to the values of the Islamic Revolution. In this regard, five dimensions of religious, political, social, economic, and cultural values, derived from Imam Khomeini's speeches as the values of the Islamic Revolution, were identified. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research was a total of 300 people from the residents of Ardabil city who were randomly selected, and 100 questionnaires were completed from each generation. To collect data, SPSS software was used to describe the respondents to each dimension of values and to use reliability and validity tests and descriptive statistics. In the findings and results section of the research, there are significant differences in the degree of attachment of all three generations to the values of the Islamic Revolution, which are less between the grandparents and parents generations and more between the grandparents and children generations. Therefore, researchers believe in a generational gap between all three generations, especially between the first and third generations of the revolution.

Abstract In the Constitution of IRIran, it is stated that every representative is responsible for the whole nation. But with the emergence of various issues at the national level and constituencies, which sometimes indicated conflicts of national and local interests, doubt and questions arose in the minds of the political elites, that the dignity and position of the institution and the representative of the Islamic Council What quality does it have and what position should the representative take on different issues? This issue becomes more complicated, especially when the interests of the election candidates of the Council are tied to local and regional plans and approvals that have a great impact on their votes. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the ideas of the founder of the Islamic Revolution regarding the perception of the representation of the parliament to determine the requirements of the representation of the parliament. Based on this, the main question in this research is "What quality does the national and local honor and status of the representatives of the Islamic Council have in the thought of Imam Khomeini?", the qualitative method of theme analysis has been chosen. Finally, the 50 basic themes under the four overarching themes (recommendation to the people in choosing a national representative, the national position of the parliament, the duties of the national representatives of the parliament, and the characteristics of a national parliament), which were under the supreme theme "The Islamic Shura Parliament is a national parliament", It was extracted and formulated.