Islamic Revolution Research

Abstract Secularization in Iran, including policies under the shadow of modernity, became a primary concern of Reza Shah and was placed on the agenda of the Pahlavi government. Actions such as reducing the power of clergy, eliminating religious symbols, unveiling compulsory hijab, establishing a modern legal and judicial system, creating new institutions, transforming the educational system, etc., all aimed at eliminating the role of religious institutions in Iranian society. However, the question arises whether these actions were taken with the aim of secularizing Iranian society or consolidating authoritarianism. A secular government does not seek to eliminate religion or favor a particular religion but rather ensures religious freedom by maintaining neutrality. The animosity of Reza Shah towards religious institutions and symbols aimed at eliminating the power of rivals indicates that secularism in this era was a tool in the hands of an absolute government to achieve consolidation of power, despotism, and its desired ideology. Studying Iranian secularism and its formation process, Reza Shah's policies in realizing the secularization project, and the impact and position of Shia thought in Iranian society will be crucial in examining the reasons for the failure of First Pahlavi's dream of secularization in Iran.

Abstract Considering that the thought of Alavi governance, as one of the Islamic schools, emphasizes principles and values such as Imamate, social justice and people's participation, it played a significant role in the process of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. These principles were emphasized and implemented as the basic foundations of Iran's Islamic system in the governmental structure, internal and external policies, and social and economic relations. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution has repeatedly emphasized the connection between the thought of Alawite rule and the Islamic Revolution of Iran in his statements, quoting from Imam Ali (peace be upon him). In this article, we will try to recognize the thought of Alawite rule and the Islamic Revolution of Iran, so Let's create a clearer image of the pious people and believers. This research has used a mixed and integrated method with the help of written documents and computer systems and scientific software and descriptive and analytical data processing method. Agents of the Islamic Revolution, insight and patience are the two factors of the victory of the Islamic Revolution and... by Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and following him, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution causes those honorable people to follow their example and set them.

Abstract The Islamic Revolution of Iran has entered its second phase. Reflecting on the first phase's successes and failures in education, alongside the rapidly changing global landscape, highlights the need to re-evaluate and modify the teacher's role. This is crucial for effectively influencing students to achieve the educational goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study aims to elucidate the effects and consequences of training teachers as leaders in Iran's education system. The research employs a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative section’s statistical population includes experts in organizational behavior, human resources, and education. Sampling was conducted until theoretical saturation was reached with 14 individuals through purposeful sampling. Following semi-structured interviews, the research model was designed.

In the quantitative section, data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was determined through Cronbach's alpha, which exceeded 0.7 for all variables. The findings indicate that the impacts and consequences of teachers as leaders can be categorized into four dimensions. The first dimension is the impact on the teachers themselves, with three components (emerging from isolation, capacity building, and job satisfaction) across eight indicators. The second dimension is the impact on students, with three components (creating a safe learning environment, fostering an enjoyable learning atmosphere, and behavior change) across nine indicators. The third dimension is the impact on colleagues, with two components (effective teaching modeling and synergy) across six indicators. The fourth dimension is the impact on the school, with two components (creating a professional learning community and team building, and increasing social capital) across six indicators.

The study's results can be instrumental in developing a professional qualification system for teachers, reforming recruitment and retention policies, and providing a solid foundation for future research.

Abstract The main goal of the current research is to compile the cyber prevention strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in social networks. Media deterrence plays a strategic role in ensuring the cyber security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Due to the newness of social networks in Iran, it is very important for the Islamic Republic of Iran, how to face and have a plan for optimal governance. The method used in this research is a qualitative method and a type of document analysis. The current article seeks to answer the question, what are the media prevention strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in social networks? In this regard, the findings of the research show that the media deterrence strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in social networks should include things such as defensive measures, offensive capabilities, deterrence situations, resilience efforts, international cooperation initiatives, exercises and simulations, capacity building programs, and international cooperation plans.

Abstract Throughout history, the relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia has had ups and downs, from cooperation and peaceful competition to hostility and severance of relations. Political, geopolitical, ideological factors and different views on regional issues have been among the most important influencing factors in the relations between the two countries, and the reflection of this conflict beyond bilateral relations has also been manifested on the approach of other countries, policies and regional developments. With the severing of relations between the two countries since 2016, the competition and conflict between the two countries increased, but finally, in a process of decreasing tension, with the mediation of China, in 2023, the de-tension approach was put on the agenda. Therefore, it is important to investigate the process of de-escalation of the relations between the two countries in this research. The main question is, what were the effective factors in de-escalating the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia? The framework of constructivist theory has been used to investigate the issue of de-tension. The findings of the research showed that the de-escalation of the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia was influenced by the change in the perception of the two actors towards various issues, which was influenced by the change in the perception in the regional order, which was due to the ineffectiveness of the confrontation system between the two countries in the region, the decline of American policies and the strengthening of China's role in the region refers; On the other hand, there has been a change in perception towards the strategic environment, which has moved the security equation of the two countries towards a win-win game with an algebraic sum of zero, and finally, the redefinition of national interests to prioritize internal development and bypass regional militarism policies.

Abstract The declaration of the second step of the Islamic Revolution is an upstream document, Iran's grand strategy after forty years of the Islamic Revolution. The content of the statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution is to examine the current situation and draw the ideal future from the perspective of the leader of the revolution, which can be the solution to many questions of researchers. The research problem is that with the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the government structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran was formed based on religious democracy. Naturally, the goals of a structure will never be achieved without virtuous citizens. According to the pathological and forward-looking approach of the second step statement, the point of ambiguity is what are the dimensions and virtues of desirable citizenship in the statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution? In this article, with the method of theme analysis and the use of MAXQDA software, dimensions and virtues have been identified as overarching themes, and seven organizing categories have been counted under them, and the basic themes are included in this category. One of the most important findings of the article is that, firstly, the dimensions of citizenship have changed and improved compared to the last few decades of the Islamic Revolution, and also the citizen in the statement of the second step is a strategic component that can bring the Islamic Republic into new structural patterns.

Abstract One of the most basic institutions of the current democracy is the Parliament (Majlis). In democratic countries, there is a bicameral or unicameral parliament, elected or appointed, which represents the principle of representation of the people and national sovereignty. This institution has many names in many countries. In Iran's constitutional law system, the Islamic Council is considered a representative institution and fulfills its duties in two main ways: legislation and supervision. In this regard, this year, it is raised that what is the supervisory position of the Islamic Council in religious democracy? In response to this question and in the form of findings, it is stated that in the religious democracy ruling the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Majlis has five supervisory dimensions. These dimensions include institutional supervision, informational supervision, political supervision, financial supervision and discretionary supervision. The current research has been carried out with the analytical descriptive method and using the library and documentary method and using the constitution as the main sources.

Abstract با وجود وقوع اعتراض‌های ادواری در یک دهه اخیر در ایران و همچنین، تشدید سویه‌های رادیکال این اعتراض‌ها، بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که استخدام رویکردهای بخشی و موزاییکی، مانع از حصول انگاره جامعی از متغیرهای ایجاد این اعتراض‌ها شده است. بنابراین، به منظور درک دقیق بسترها و عوامل ایجاد اعتراض‌های اجتماعی در ایران، پژوهش حاضر درصدد پاسخ به این سؤال است که عوامل و متغیرهای مختلف دخیل در ایجاد اعتراض‌های اجتماعی در ایران امروز کدم‌اند و وزن و جایگاه هر کدام از آنها در شکل‌گیری اعتراض‌ها‌ به چه میزان است؟ فرض بر آن است که عوامل متعدد ایجاد نارضایتی در جامعه ایران، در ضعف نهادهای واسط، با تأثیر بر صورت‌بندی شکاف‌های اجتماعی و ماهیت دولت‌ها، از متغیرهای حیاتی در شکل‌گیری اعتراض‌های اجتماعی در ایران هستند. برای تحقق اهداف یادشده، از روش «مدل‌سازی معادله ساختاری» استفاده شده است. بر این اساس، با مرور نظام‌مند پیشینه تحقیق، مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با نخبگان و سندپژوهی، 32 گزاره ابتدایی کشف و شناسایی شد که در مراحل بعدی تحقیق مورد اعتباربخشی قرار گرفتند که پس از رسیدن به اشباع نظری و تحلیل محتوا، پایایی تحقیق بر مبنای شاخص کرونباخ آلفا از همبستگی پیرسون تعیین شد. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد که بر اساس ارزش ایگن، پنج محور اصلی (اقتصادی، فرهنگی- نگرشی، اجتماعی، ساختاری- نهادی و رسانه‌ای- شناختی) و بر اساس بار عاملی، 20 متغیر ذیل آن‌ها، در برساخت اعتراض‌ها در ایران نقش دارند. افزون بر آن، نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی، حاکی از انطباق معنادار انگاره حاصل‌شده با واقعیت‌های محیطی اعتراض‌ها در ایران است.

Abstract With the removal of Reza Khan in Shahrivar 1320 and the end of the period of tyranny, space was created for the activities of politic al and cultural groups, and soon the scope of their activities became very large. The three main groups of Islamists, nationalists and Marxists form the main political currents of the country, and all three groups with differences were considered the court. The opposition groups dealt severe blows to the ruling political system to the point where the court had to launch a coup with the support of the United States and England in order to maintain the government system. But Ali, even though the coup was carried out, the royal system still lacked legitimacy and elections cannot be rigged. Finally, with the aim of creating an ideology for the ruling political system, a four-volume collection called Pahlaviism was written by the artist Manouchehr Artman, commissioned by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. This ideology caused problems for the political system in two ways. One did not follow the norms of Iranian society and the other did not follow the self-made ideology due to Sultan's temperament, and the actions of the agents and the ruling political system were contrary to the claims of Pahlavi ideology.

Abstract The Balkan region is one of the crisis-prone regions of the world in the European continent, which has been associated with numerous and bloody wars after the collapse of Yugoslavia and the emergence of six new countries in it. At the heart of the crises in the Balkan region, the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the years 1992-1995 caused different governments to play a role in this region and present their views and opinions, and the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America are considered to be the most important foreign actors involved in this crisis. The current realization has explained the confrontation between Iran and America in this crisis by using the descriptive-analytical method and based on the theoretical approaches of aggressive realism and constructivism. The present article, with a correct understanding of the crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina, believes that the Islamic Republic, taking into account the history and depth of the presence of the Islamic Revolution in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by adopting a consistent approach in supporting the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while developing relations with other countries in the Balkan region It has increased stability in the Balkan region, while America's passive attitude towards the crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina has intensified the conflict and continued the crisis in this country.

Abstract After World War II, the United States, as one of the most influential countries, pursued its strategies in the region to establish global order. On the one hand, the emergence of countries influential in regional equations such as Iran, Russia, Syria and Iraq and the failures of the United States in Iraq, Afghanistan, have led the US presidents to other strategies for this Consider the area. The purpose of this study was to analyze the failure of US strategies in the containment of the Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution so far and its political, security and economic impact and the decline of American hegemony in the Western Asia and the International Level. The results showed that the change in the wrong trend in American strategies in Iran's control, while the US Hegemony, will be the director of progress, influence and promoting Iran's position in important regional decisions.

Abstract The aim of the present research was to explore the place of the indicators of rationality in the four fields of the model of Islamic progress based on the political thought of the Supreme Leader. Rationality is one of the basic foundations of the discourse of the revolution, which religion-centeredness, inseparable from spirituality and justice, correct calculation and away from conservatism, justice, anti-arrogance, democracy and authority, are among its original characteristics and components. Such rationality is a strong lever for moving forward and progressing. Ayatollah Khamenei considers the model of progress to have four basic areas: "Thought", "Science", "Life" and "Spirituality". The data collection in this article was done with the FISH tool and the data processing was done in a descriptive-analytical form using the discourse analysis method.The research process was such that first the indicators of rationality were extracted from the statements of the Supreme Leader and then the position of these indicators in the pattern of progress was explored. In this way, it was proved that the model of Islamic progress is a model arising from Islamic rationality and it does not have any contradiction with the rationality of Islam

Abstract The share of "writing hearts" which is specified in verse 60 of Surah Towba is a strategic ruling that can be used to gain the support of various individuals and groups in order to advance the goals of the Islamic government at the national and international level. Some opponents are trying to induce in this way, why should it be taken from the working class of the society (farmers and ranchers)? This article is organized in an analytical-descriptive method and two basic questions have been answered based on library sources. "What is the role of the authorship of Qulub in advancing the goals of the Islamic government at the national and international levels?" And "What are the sources of funding for the contribution of the writing of hearts?"And this result has been achieved that this share can be used to help powerful non-Muslim countries, help weak countries that are kept influential and support liberation movements in line with advancing the goals of the Islamic government, and the source of its provision is not dedicated to zakat. And by examining the traditions and life of the Prophet (PBUH), it is also possible to use Anfal, Fi' and Khums, and also by examining the evidence, we have come to the conclusion that the share of "Fee Sabil Allah" is also common as one of the expenses of Zakat, and it is used in In the direction of "writing hearts" you can benefit. Therefore, the raised suspicion is unfounded.

Abstract Risk management is a logical and systematic method for analyzing, evaluating and dealing with risk related to any type of activity that enables organizations to minimize losses while taking advantage of opportunities (Aron, 2017). Customs is the economic border guard of the country, whose important duties are to monitor imports and exports, as well as protect the health of society against the dangerous consequences of illegal trade, as well as smoothing the cycle of the country's economy. Considering the position and importance of this organization in the entry and exit of goods, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the optimal model of import risk management in the customs of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on resistance economy. For this purpose, by interviewing 15 customs managers and experts and using the Delphi technique, the risks of the import sector were identified, and while prioritizing them, the model resulting from the results of this research was presented.

Abstract The upcoming research, based on the concepts of theo-democracy, and based on the qualitative and descriptive research method, focuses on discovering the drivers of the development of provincial governance and identification. The results of this study show that the classification of human communities from small groups to provinces strengthens religious democracy. Provincial governance is formed in order to provide centralized services to the people of small geographical areas and leads to the excellence of the civility of the society, reducing the class gap, improving the quality of life and stability of well-being, security and spirituality. Prominent drivers of provincial governance include multifacetedness, multidimensionality of issues, local requirements, objectified beliefs and freedom of action. Referring to theo-democracy as a communication style between religion and government shows that religion is the basis of policy making and the legitimacy of policies. People's sovereignty and attention to their will is also one of the main components of provincial governance. Provincial governance requires trustworthiness, responsibility and accountability and can be realized in the form of different models such as localist, individualist and centralist model. After examining these discussions and concepts, it can be concluded that provincial governance, according to its unique components and also based on different models, can improve civil society, reduce poverty and class gap, increase participation, improve quality of life and improve security. and lead to prosperity and spirituality.

Abstract Today, the industry sector has become a leading sector in the field of economy. The aim of the current research is to analyze the general policies of the system in the field of industry and their adaptation to the menus of the Supreme Leader in this field. Therefore, this research seeks to find the most emphasis and coefficients. What is the importance of his announced policies related to the industry sector, and by comparing his political rulings and statements, what are the differences and commonalities and what do they include.This research is based on a qualitative approach and using the content analysis method, and the data required for this research is extracted by using the thematic search of research keywords among the statements of the supreme leader of the revolution, the general policies of the system and the upstream documents of the country. It was analyzed using a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative).The results indicate that in the statements of the leadership, the categories of "supporting domestic production", "connection between industry and university" and "moving towards industrial independence in the direction of economic self-sufficiency" have received the most weight and importance. Also, among the general policies The categories of "supporting domestic production", "improvement and growth of productivity" and "expansion of the economy and knowledge-based industries" have had the largest share and coefficients of importance.